The Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant as a mirror of the Russian

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MB

atomic energy industry

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stron

5519

ID

Bellona Foundation

2005

rok

Table of content

Abbreviations used in the report 6

Introduction 7

1. The city behind the atomic curtain 10

2. The Leningrad NPP 12

2.1 Nuclear fuel at the LNPP 14

2.1.1 Storage of fresh nuclear fuel 15

2.1.2 Spent nuclear fuel management 17

Spent Nuclear Fuel Depository (SNFD), Facility 428 18

The SNF building and its problems 19

TK-8 container wagon 24

SNF storage hall 26

SNF transfer hall 27

SNF management technology at the LNPP 30

Transport of SNF to Facility 428 (SNFD) 31

SFA management technology at the SNFD 34

SNF densification at the LNPP SNFD 39

2.1.3 Complex for SNF Dismantlement and Dry Storage in MCCs 47

2.2 LNPP safety systems 51

2.2.1 Nuclear safety systems and measures at the SNFD 51

2.2.2 Radiation safety systems and measures at the SNFD 55

2.2.3 Fire safety systems and measures at the SNFD 58

2.2.4 Physical security systems and measures at the LNPP 60

2.3 The “human factor” and safety at the LNPP 65

2.3.1 Employment and staff policies 65

2.3.2 Organisation of personnel training 68

2.3.3 Safety culture 72

2.3.4 Production discipline of the LNPP personnel 75

2.3.5 Working conditions at the SNFD 78

2.4 Supervision and inspection authorities at the LNPP 81

2.5 Crime: Theft and other offences at and around the LNPP 84

2.6 Accidents and incidents at the LNPP 92

2.6.1 Accidents and incidents at the SNFD 96

Conclusion 99

Appendix 100

Source materials used in the report 115