International Waters Regional Assessments in a Global

9,23
MB Perspective

125
stron

5521
ID United Nations Environment Programme

2006
rok

Contents

PREFACE 5

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 7

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 13

INTRODUCTION 15

FRESHWATER SHORTAGE . 18

Environmental and socio-economic impacts20

Root causes 29

Policy relevant conclusions . 33

POLLUTION 36

Environmental and socio-economic impacts . 40

Root causes 47

Policy relevant conclusions . 51

OVERFISHING AND OTHER THREATS TO AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES 54

Environmental and socio-economic impacts58

Root causes 63

Policy relevant conclusions . 67

HABITAT AND COMMUNITY MODIFICATION . 70

Environmental and socio-economic impacts73

Root causes 80

Policy relevant conclusions . 82

CONCLUSIONS . 86

REFERENCES . 92

ACRONYMS 93

ANNEXES . . 94

Annex I: Global International Waters Assessment – Origin, objectives, workplan, teams and

products 95

Annex II: GIWA methodology . 103

Annex III: GIWA’s key: Causal chain and policy options analysis in a theoretical perspective 113

Annex IV: Matrix of GIWA Concerns . 121