Remediation of hydrocarbon contaminants in cold

0,58

MB

environments – electrokinetically enhanced bioremediation and

56

stron

biodegradable oil sorbents

5526

ID

University of Helsinki

2006

rok

Contents

ABSTRACT. 3

CONTENTS 4

LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS 5

1. INTRODUCTION 6

1.1. BEHAVIOUR AND EFFECTS OF OIL AND CREOSOTE . 7

1.2. REMEDIATION OF HYDROCARBON-CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTS. 8

1.2.1. Bioremediation of hydrocarbon spills 9

1.2.2. In situ –remediation of underground spills 10

1.2.3. Specific challenges of in situ –bioremediation. 14

1.2.4. Electroremediation . 14

1.2.5. Remediation of oil-contaminated solid and water surfaces . 18

1.2.6. Sorbents 19

1.2.7. Cotton grass . 20

2. AIMS OF THE THESIS 22

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 23

3.1. MATERIALS . 23

3.2. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UPS 23

3.2.1. Mobilisation tests (Paper I) 23

3.2.2. Laboratory and field biodegradation studies of creosote-contaminated soil (Paper II) 24

3.2.3. Absorption tests of cotton grass (Paper III) . 25

3.2.4. Microbially supplemented oil sorbent (Paper IV) 26

3.3. HYDROCARBON ANALYSES 27

3.4. REMARKS ON METHODOLOGY . 27

4. RESULTS 28

4.1. ELECTROKINETICALLY ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION (PAPERS I AND II). 28

4.1.1. Mobilisation tests (Paper I) 28

4.1.2. Creosote degradation (Paper II) . 30

4.2. OIL SORBENTS (PAPERS III AND IV) 32

4.2.1. Cotton grass as an oil sorbent for surface waters (Paper III) . 32

4.2.2. Microbially supplemented oil sorbent (Paper IV) 34

5. DISCUSSION 37

5.1. ELECTROKINETICALLY ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION 37

5.2. OIL SORBENTS . 40

6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS . 43

7. TIIVISTELMÄ . 44

8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 45

9. REFERENCES . 46