| | A Handbook on Governance and Socioeconomics of Large |
| | 0,99 | | MB | Marine Ecosystems |
| | 105 | | stron |
| | 5528 | | ID | University of Rhode Island |
| | 2006 | | rok |
| | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| | Prefaceiv |
| | Acknowledgments.v |
| | Foreword.vi |
| | Part I: From Sectoral to Ecosystem-based Management.1 |
| | A Paradigm Shift.1 |
| | Ecosystem-based Management in LMEs3 |
| | Managing Humans in LMEs.5 |
| | The Dimensions of Governance.5 |
| | The Potential Benfits of Managing LMEs as Ecosystems.8 |
| | The Global Environment Facility and Its Investments in LME Management9 |
| | The Centrality of Governance Challenges in LMEs.10 |
| | Part II: From Planning to Implementation: The Steps in the Governance Process.12 |
| | A Strategic Approach to the Transition to Ecosystem-based management in LMEs12 |
| | How Long Does It Take?. 12 |
| | Forming and Managing an Interdisciplinary Team 13 |
| | Understanding the Governance Cycle 15 |
| | Step 1: Issue Identification through the TDA16 |
| | Step 2: Negotiation of a Strategic Action Plan.19 |
| | Step 3: Formal Endorsement of the SAP22 |
| | Step 4: Adaptive Implementation of the SAP.25 |
| | Step 5: Evaluation and Sustained Learning26 |
| | The First Order: Assembling the Enabling Conditions for Ecosystem-based Management28 |
| | The Second Order: Program Implementation as Behavioral Change.28 |
| | Third Order Outcomes: The Achievement of Initial Ecosystem Quality Goals29 |
| | The Fourth Order: Sustainable LME Conditions and Uses30 |
| | Part III: A Primer on the Challenges and Dimensions of LME Governance.31 |
| | Markets31 |
| | Markets and Ecosystems.31 |
| | Pollution32 |
| | Destruction of coastal wetlands, mangroves, coral reefs.34 |
| | Overfishing.34 |
| | Markets and Economic Justice36 |
| | What does the issue of equity have to do with LME governance?37 |
| | Correcting and Mitigating Market Failures38 |
| | Government39 |
| | Challenges for Successful Governance Programs.41 |
| | Correcting and Mitigating Governance Failures45 |
| | Civil Society46 |
| | Strengthening Adapative Governance for Complex Ecosystems.47 |
| | Compliance, Enforcement and LME Governance.48 |
| | Compliance Behavior in Fisheries.48 |
| | Illegal Gains.49 |
| | Expected Penalty.49 |
| | Moral Obligation50 |
| | Social Influence50 |
| | Aggregate Compliance Behavior51 |
| | Voluntary Compliance.52 |
| | User participation.53 |
| | Moral Suasion56 |
| | Smart Compliance Policy.56 |
| | Summary and Conclusions.60 |
| | Part IV. Sustainable Financing.61 |
| | The Financing Challenge.62 |
| | Planning for Sustainable Financing63 |
| | Taming Markets.64 |
| | Finance Mechanisms: An Overview66 |
| | Examples of Sustainable Financing for Marine Governance Initiatives.69 |
| | Tourism. .69 |
| | Energy and Mining.70 |
| | Fishery Management71 |
| | Real Estate Tax Surcharges71 |
| | Earmarked Bonds and Taxes72 |
| | For-profit Investments72 |
| | Potential Applications.72 |
| | Criteria for Selecting Among Financing Options74 |
| | The Way Forward for Sustainable Financing of LMEs.75 |
| | Readings and Sources of Information on Sustainable Financing.76 |
| | Part V. Future Directions79 |
| | References.80 |