Lake Superior Lakewide Management Plan: 1990-2005 Critical

1,75

MB

Chemical Reduction Milestones

217

stron

5529

ID

International Joint Commission

2006

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary .1

Chapter 1. Scope and Background2

1.1 LaMP Critical Chemicals and the Zero Discharge Demonstration 2

1.2 LaMP 2000 Progress and Accountability . 4

1.2.1 LaMP Chemical Reduction Activities . 4

1.2.2 Other Projects Aligned with LaMP Goals 5

1.2.3 New Regulations and Policies Aligned with LaMP Goals 6

Chapter 2. Introduction .7

2.1 Purpose7

2.2 Methods.7

2.2.1 Three Actions from the Lake Superior Binational Agreement 7

2.2.2 Guiding Principles 8

Chapter 3. Load Reduction Inventory.11

3.1 Out-of-Basin Sources11

3.2 In-Basin Inventory Methodology11

3.3 Mercury. 12

3.3.1 Mercury Reduction Goals . 12

3.3.2 Sources of Mercury . 12

3.3.3 2010 Milestone 16

3.4 Dioxin .17

3.4.1 Dioxin Reduction Goals 17

3.4.2 Sources of Dioxin 17

3.3.3 2010 Milestone 20

3.5 PCBs .20

3.6 Pesticides.26

3.6.1 Pesticide Reduction Goals 26

3.6.2 Pesticide Collections. 26

3.6.3 Conclusions. 31

3.7 Hexachlorobenzene.31

Chapter 4. Re-evaluation of Critical and Prevention Pollutants 33

4.1 Contaminant Levels and Trends Summary35

4.1.1 Atmosphere 35

4.1.2 Water. 37

4.1.3 Herring Gull Eggs. 38

4.1.5 Emerging Contaminants . 40

4.1.6 Human Health. 41

4.1.7 Summary and Potential Management Implications 42

4.2 Emerging Contaminants43

4.2.1 What Are Emerging Contaminants? . 43

4.2.2 Sources of Emerging Contaminants 44

4.2.3 Research 46

4.2.4 Emerging Contaminants in Lake Superior . 47

4.3 Proposed Management Approaches for Emerging Contaminants 48

Chapter 5. Reduction Strategies53

5.1 Previous Reduction Strategies 53

5.2 Revised Reduction Strategies . 53

5.2.1 Multiple Chemicals . 53

5.2.2 Mercury. 54

5.2.3 PCBs . 55

5.2.4 Dioxin, Hexachlorobenzene and Octachlorostyrene 56

5.2.5 Pesticides 56

5.2.6 Emerging Contaminants . 57

5.3 Reduction Activities57

Chapter 6. Conclusions .58

References Cited 61

List of Acronyms .68

Appendix A.73

A Bi-National Program to Restore and Protect the Lake Superior Basin. 75

Appendix B .87

Reduction Activities in the Lake Superior Basin: 2000-2005 87

Appendix B.1 Canada Progress Report . 89

Appendix B.2 United States Environmental Protection Agency Progress Report 102

Appendix B.3 Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Progress Report 107

Appendix B.4 Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Progress Report 112

Appendix B.4 Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Progress Report 112

Appendix B.5 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Progress Report 116

Appendix B.6. U.S. Tribal Progress Report. 127

Appendix C .139

In-Basin Chemical Source Inventories . 141

Appendix D.163

PCB Management in Lake Superior Jurisdictions 163

Appendix E .171

Combined COA/GLI list of P,B,T Chemicals of Concern Appendix E. Combined COA/GLI list of

P,B,T Chemicals of Concern . 171

Appendix E. Combined COA/GLI list of P,B,T Chemicals of Concern . 173

Appendix F175

Contaminants Levels and Trends 175