Tributyltin pollution on a global scale. An overview of relevant

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MB and recent research: impacts and issues.

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Contents

1. Introduction.1

1.1 Biofouling and its prevention 1

1.2 Effects and sources of TBT .3

2. Legislation .6

3. Continued global effects of TBT on non-target species 10

3.1 Background10

3.2 Africa .11

3.3 Americas 12

3.4 Arabian Gulf 14

3.5 Asia and India 15

3.6 Australasia .20

3.7 Europe, Baltic and Mediterranean .21

3.8 Polar Regions.26

3.9 Oceanic 27

3.10 Freshwater27

3.11 TBT and Marine Protected Areas, Crossing Conservation Boundaries 28

4. Conclusions.28

References.30

Appendix 1.48