Photobiological studies of Baltic Sea phytoplankton

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5579

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Finnish Institute of Marine Research

2006

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CONTENTS

List of original articles 7

The author’s contributions to the articles 7

Abstract . 9

1. Introduction. 11

1.1 Prologue: bio-optics in oceanography − a success story 11

1.2 Objectives of the study 11

1.3 Theoretical background . 12

1.3.1 Aquatic photosynthetic metabolism 12

1.3.2 Fluorescence and its origin . 12

1.3.3 Variable fluorescence. 13

1.4 Variable fluorescence parameters 14

1.4.1 Fast repetition rate protocol 14

1.4.2 Core parameters 15

1.4.3 Calculated parameters. 16

1.5 Primary productivity calculations 16

2. Applications of fast repetition rate fluorometry . 17

2.1 Photoacclimation and photoinhibition of phytoplankton . 18

2.2 Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth . 18

2.3 Combined effects of nutrients and light on phytoplankton 19

2.4 Fast repetition rate and pulse-amplitude-modulated techniques 19

3. Gulf of Finland 20

3.1 Physical milieu 20

3.2 Optical environment 20

3.3 Phytoplankton dynamics. 21

4. Materials and methods 22

4.1 Study area . 22

4.2 Experimental design 22

4.3 Phytoplankton cultures and taxonomy of natural phytoplankton. 23

4.4 Phytoplankton biomass as Chl a, and elemental composition . 23

4.5 Radiometry . 23

4.6 Spectrometry. 23

4.7 Primary productivity 24

4.8 Variable fluorescence 24

4.9 Spectral scaling . 25

5. Results and discussion . 26

5.1 Variability of photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the Baltic Sea 26

5.2 Fast repetition rate technique as a way of measuring primary productivity. 27

5.3 Primary productivity modelling for fast repetition rate studies . 30

5.3.1 Photosynthetic quotient. 30

5.3.2 Ratio of reaction centres II to total photosystem II Chl a . 30

5.3.3 Quantum yield of electron transport . 31

5.3.4 Quantum yield of photochemistry in photosystem II 31

5.4 Limitations of fast repetition rate technique 32

5.4.1 Red-light effect . 32

5.4.2 Bio-optical modelling . 32

5.4.3 Case 2 waters . 33

5.4.4 Cyanobacteria 34

5.5 Perspective 35

6. Conclusions 36

Acknowledgements . 36

Epilogue . 37

References 37

Abbreviations 44