| | Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory |
| | 4,25 | | MB | 1990–2005 and inventory report 2007 - Submission to the |
| | 464 | | stron | UNFCCC Secretariat |
| | 5585 | | ID | European Environment Agency |
| | 2007 | | rok |
| | Contents |
| | Acknowledgements 8 |
| | Executive summary 9 |
| | ES.1 Background information on greenhouse gas inventories and climate change. 9 |
| | ES.2 Summary of greenhouse gas emission trends in the EC 9 |
| | ES.3 Summary of emissions and removals by main greenhouse gas. 13 |
| | ES.4 Summary of emissions and removals by main source category 14 |
| | ES.5 Summary of the emission trends by EU Member States . 15 |
| | ES.6 Information on Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emissions for EU-15. 16 |
| | 1 Introduction to the EC greenhouse gas inventory 17 |
| | 1.1 Background information on greenhouse gas inventories and climate change . 17 |
| | 1.2 A description of the institutional arrangements for inventory preparation 19 |
| | 1.2.1 The Member States 21 |
| | 1.2.2 The European Commission, Directorate-General for the Environment 35 |
| | 1.2.3 The European Environment Agency 35 |
| | 1.2.4 The European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change. 35 |
| | 1.2.5 Eurostat . 36 |
| | 1.2.6 Joint Research Centre. 36 |
| | 1.3 A description of the process of inventory preparation 36 |
| | 1.4 General description of methodologies and data sources used. 38 |
| | 1.5 Description of key categories 41 |
| | 1.6 Information on the quality assurance and quality control plan . 42 |
| | 1.6.1 Quality assurance and quality control of the European Community inventory 42 |
| | 1.6.2 Overview of quality assurance and quality control procedures in place at Member State level |
| | 45 |
| | 1.2.1 QA/QC activities for the CRF/NIR 2007 . 53 |
| | 1.6.3 Further improvement of the QA/QC procedures . 58 |
| | 1.7 Uncertainty evaluation 58 |
| | 1.8 General assessment of the completeness 65 |
| | 1.8.1 Completeness of Member States’ submissions. 65 |
| | 1.8.2 Data gaps and gap-filling . 72 |
| | 1.8.3 Data basis of the European Community greenhouse gas inventory. 74 |
| | 1.8.4 Geographical coverage of the European Community inventory. 78 |
| | 1.8.5 Completeness of the European Community submission. 78 |
| | 2 European Community greenhouse gas emission trends . 84 |
| | 2.1 Aggregated greenhouse gas emissions . 84 |
| | 2.2 Emission trends by gas 87 |
| | 2.3 Emission trends by source 91 |
| | 2.4 Emission trends by Member State . 92 |
| | 2.5 Emission trends for indirect greenhouse gases and sulphur dioxide (EU-15)93 |
| | 3 Energy (CRF Sector 1) 95 |
| | 3.1 Overview of sector. 95 |
| | 3.2 Source categories . 97 |
| | 3.2.1 Energy industries (CRF Source Category 1A1). 97 |
| | 3.2.2. Manufacturing industries and construction (CRF Source Category 1A2) 122 |
| | 3.2.3. Transport (CRF Source Category 1A3) . 148 |
| | 3.2.4. Other Sectors (CRF Source Category 1A4) . 167 |
| | 3.2.5. Other (CRF Source Category 1A5) 184 |
| | 3.2.6. Fugitive emissions from fuels (CRF Source Category 1.B) 190 |
| | 3.3 Methodological issues and uncertainties . 207 |
| | 3.4 Sector-specific quality assurance and quality control . 209 |
| | 3.5 Sector-specific recalculations . 211 |
| | 3.6 Comparison between the sectoral approach and the reference approach . 211 |
| | 3.7 International bunker fuels 222 |
| | 3.7.1. Aviation bunkers . 223 |
| | 3.7.2. Marine bunkers . 224 |
| | 4 Industrial processes (CRF Sector 2) 228 |
| | 4.1 Overview of sector. 228 |
| | 4.2 Source categories . 229 |
| | 4.2.1 Mineral products (CRF Source Category 2A) . 229 |
| | 4.2.2 Chemical industry (CRF Source Category 2B) . 242 |
| | 4.2.3 Metal production (CRF Source Category 2C) . 254 |
| | 4.2.4 Production of halocarbons and SF6 (CRF Source Category 2E) . 268 |
| | 4.2.5 Consumption of halocarbons and SF6 (CRF Source Category 2F) . 271 |
| | 4.2 Methodological issues and uncertainties . 282 |
| | 4.3 Sector-specific quality assurance and quality control . 283 |
| | 4.4 Sector-specific recalculations . 283 |
| | 5 Solvent and other product use (CRF Sector 3) 285 |
| | 5.1 Overview of sector. 285 |
| | 5.2 Methodological issues and uncertainties . 287 |
| | 5.3 Sector-specific quality assurance and quality control . 295 |
| | 5.4 Sector-specific recalculations . 295 |
| | 6 Agriculture (CRF Sector 4) 297 |
| | 6.1 Overview of the sector. 297 |
| | 6.2 Source Categories 298 |
| | 6.2.1 Enteric fermentation (CRF Source Category 4A) . 298 |
| | 6.2.2 Manure management (CRF Source Category 4B) 300 |
| | 6.2.3 Agricultural soils (CRF Source Category 4D). 304 |
| | 6.3 Methodological issues 307 |
| | 6.3.1 Enteric Fermentation (CRF source category 4A) . 308 |
| | 6.3.2 Manure Management (CH4) (CRF source category 4B(a)) 322 |
| | 6.3.3 Manure Management (N2O) (CRF source category 4.B(b)) . 335 |
| | 6.3.4 Rice Cultivation (CH4) (CRF source category 4.C). 345 |
| | 6.3.5 Agricultural soils – N2O (CRF Source Category 4D) 348 |
| | 6.3.6 Agricultural Soils – CH4 . 365 |
| | 6.4 Sector-specific uncertainty, quality assurance and quality control 365 |
| | 6.4.1 Uncertainty 365 |
| | 6.4.2 Improvements since last submission 371 |
| | 6.4.3 Activities to improve the quality of the inventory in agriculture. 372 |
| | 6.5 Sector-specific recalculations . 377 |
| | 6.5.1 Enteric Fermentation (CRF source category 4A) . 378 |
| | 6.5.2 Manure Management CH4 (CRF source category 4.B) 378 |
| | 6.5.3 Rice Cultivation - CH4 (Source category 4C) 379 |
| | 6.5.4 Agricultural Soils - N2O (Source category 4D) 379 |
| | 6.6 List of references: 381 |
| | 7 LULUCF (CRF Sector 5) 386 |
| | 7.1 Overview of sector. 386 |
| | 7.2 General methodological information. 388 |
| | 7.3 Forest land (5A1) . 389 |
| | 7.3.1 Forest Land remaining Forest Land (5A1) . 390 |
| | 7.3.2 Land Converted to Forest Land (5A2) . 392 |
| | 7.4 Other land use categories, and non-CO2 emissions 392 |
| | 7.4.1 Cropland (5B) and Grassland (5C) . 392 |
| | 7.4.2 Non-CO2 emissions . 394 |
| | 7.5 Uncertainties and time-series consistency. 395 |
| | 7.6 Category-specific QA/QC and efforts for improving reporting . 397 |
| | 7.7 Category-specific recalculations 397 |
| | 8 Waste (CRF Sector 6) 400 |
| | 8.1 Overview of sector. 400 |
| | 8.2 Source categories . 401 |
| | 8.2.1 Solid waste disposal on land (CRF Source Category 6A) . 401 |
| | 8.2.2 Wastewater handling (CRF Source Category 6B). 403 |
| | 8.2.3 Waste incineration (CRF Source Category 6C). 406 |
| | 8.3 Methodological issues and uncertainties . 407 |
| | 8.3.1 Managed Solid Waste Disposal (CRF Source Category 6A1). 407 |
| | 8.3.2 Unmanaged Solid Waste Disposal (CRF Source Category 6A2) 420 |
| | 8.3.3 Waste water handling (CRF Source Category 6B) 421 |
| | 8.3.4 Waste Incineration (CRF Source Category 6C) 427 |
| | 8.3.5 Waste – Other (CRF Source Category 6D) 430 |
| | 8.4 EU-15 uncertainty estimates. 431 |
| | 8.5 Sector-specific quality assurance and quality control . 432 |
| | 8.6 Sector-specific recalculations . 432 |
| | 9 Other (CRF Sector 7). 434 |
| | 9.1 Overview of sector. 434 |
| | 9.2 Methodological issues and uncertainties . 434 |
| | 9.3 Sector-specific quality assurance and quality control . 434 |
| | 9.4 Sector-specific recalculations . 434 |
| | 10 Recalculations and improvements . 435 |
| | 10.1 Explanations and justifications for recalculations . 435 |
| | 10.2 Implications for emission levels 446 |
| | 10.3 Implications for emission trends, including time series consistency. 449 |
| | 10.4 Recalculations, including in response to the review process, and planned improvements to the |
| | inventory. 450 |
| | 10.4.1 EC response to UNFCCC review 450 |
| | 10.4.2 Member States’ responses to UNFCCC review . 450 |
| | 10.4.3 Improvements planned at EC level. 455 |
| | References 456 |
| | Units and abbreviations. 463 |
| | Abbreviations in the source category tables in Chapters 3 to 9. 464 |
| | Annexes published on CD-ROM and the EEA website only: |
| | Annex 1: Key source analysis |
| | Annex 2: CRF tables of the EU-15 |
| | Annex 3: Status reports |
| | Annex 4: CRF Table Summary 1A and 8(a) for the EU-15 |
| | Annex 5: CRF Tables Energy |
| | Annex 6: CRF Tables Industrial processes |