| | Effectiveness of urban wastewater treatment policies in |
| | 1,44 | | MB | selected countries: an EEA pilot study |
| | 56 | | stron |
| | 5591 | | ID | European Environment Agency |
| | 2005 | | rok |
| | Contents |
| | Acknowledgements . 4 |
| | Executive summary . 5 |
| | 1. Setting the scene: the EEA and policy effectiveness evaluations 8 |
| | 1.1 European clean water policies .8 |
| | 1.2 Meeting information demands .8 |
| | 1.3 EEA policy effectiveness evaluations 9 |
| | 1.4 The approach of this study .9 |
| | 2. Methodological considerations . 11 |
| | 2.1 Introduction . 11 |
| | 2.2 Policy in focus 11 |
| | 2.3 Effects: outputs of urban wastewater treatment policy . 12 |
| | 2.4 Effectiveness: outcomes of urban wastewater treatment policy . 13 |
| | 2.5 Explaining differences 15 |
| | 2.6 Cost-effectiveness 17 |
| | 3. Denmark 18 |
| | 3.1 Water quality situation 18 |
| | 3.2 Water quality policy objectives 18 |
| | 3.3 Institutional context 18 |
| | 3.4 Policy Instruments 19 |
| | 3.5 Observations on effectiveness 19 |
| | 4. France 20 |
| | 4.1 Water quality situation 20 |
| | 4.2 Water quality policy objectives 20 |
| | 4.3 Institutional context 21 |
| | 4.4 Policy instruments 21 |
| | 4.5 Observations on effectiveness 22 |
| | 5. The Netherlands 23 |
| | 5.1 Water quality situation 23 |
| | 5.2 Water quality policy objectives 23 |
| | 5.3 Institutional context 24 |
| | 5.4 Policy instruments 24 |
| | 5.5 Observations on effectiveness 25 |
| | 6. Spain . 26 |
| | 6.1 Water quality situation 26 |
| | 6.2 Water quality policy objectives 26 |
| | 6.3 Institutional context 27 |
| | 6.4 Policy instruments 27 |
| | 6.5 Observations on effectiveness 28 |
| | 7. Estonia . 29 |
| | 7.1 Water quality situation 29 |
| | 7.2 Water quality policy objectives 29 |
| | 7.3 Institutional context 30 |
| | 7.4 Policy instruments 30 |
| | 7.5 Observations on effectiveness 31 |
| | 8. Poland . 32 |
| | 8.1 Water quality situation 32 |
| | 8.2 Water quality policy objectives 32 |
| | 8.3 Institutional context 33 |
| | 8.4 Policy instruments 33 |
| | 8.5 Observations on effectiveness 34 |
| | 9. Comparative analysis . 35 |
| | 9.1 Introduction . 35 |
| | 9.2 Effects 35 |
| | 9.3 Effectiveness 38 |
| | 9.4 Cost-effectiveness 41 |
| | 10. Conclusions . 46 |
| | References .. 48 |
| | Annex Some options for further work related to the effectiveness of urban wastewater treatment |
| | policies 51 |