PARTICULATE EXPOSURE DURING THE PERSIAN GULF WAR

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MB

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5654

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DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS

2000

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.2

II. INTRODUCTION .4

A. BACKGROUND.4

B. PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION 5

C. ORGANIZATION OF REPORT 5

III. METHODOLOGY.5

IV. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES9

A. RESPIRABLE PARTICULATE.9

B. BIOLOGICAL REACTIVITY .10

C. SOURCES OF RESPIRABLE PARTICULATE.12

V. ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS.15

A. U.S. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES.15

B. AIR MONITORING PROGRAMS AND RESULTS17

VI. HEALTH EFFECTS18

A. TROOP MEDICAL/HOSPITAL STUDIES19

B. DEVELOPMENT OF SILICOSIS.19

C. MECHANISM OF TOXICITY 20

D. DERMAL TOXICANT.21

E. POTENTIAL HAZARDS.22

VII. RISK CHARACTERIZATION31

VIII. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS32

IX. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY34

TAB A — REFERENCES36

TAB B — DETAILED EXPOSURE ESTIMATES41

TAB C — ACRONYMS46

TAB D — GLOSSARY.47