Implementation of thermal processes for feedstock recycling

0,81

MB

of bromine and antimony, with energy recovery, from plastics

71

stron

waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) - Phase 1:

Literature survey/status update, evaluation, and ranking of

combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis based technologies

5813

ID

Netherlands Energy Research Foundation

2001

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY 5

1. INTRODUCTION 9

1.1 Background 9

1.2 Definition of the Issue 9

1.3 Objectives 9

1.4 Approach 10

1.5 Intended results 10

2. WEEE CHARACTERISTICS 11

2.1 Volumes of WEEE 11

2.2 Composition of WEEE 11

2.3 Recycling of WEEE 12

2.4 Bromine and Antimony 13

3. BROMINE AND ANTIMONY 15

3.1 Chemistry in thermal processes 15

3.1.1 Bromine (and Chlorine) 15

3.1.2 Antimony 15

3.2 Fate of Bromine and Antimony 16

3.2.1 Combustion of WEEE 16

3.2.2 Gasification of WEEE 16

3.2.3 Limestone 16

3.2.4 Pyrolysis of WEEE 16

3.2.5 Restriction 17

4. THERMAL PROCESSES 19

4.1 Austrian Energy 19

4.1.1 Process description 20

4.1.2 Operational experience 20

4.1.3 Emission aspects 21

4.2 TPS 21

4.2.1 Process description 21

4.2.2 Operational experience 21

4.3 ALSTOM/Ebara 22

4.3.1 Process description 22

4.3.2 Operational experience 23

4.3.3 Emission aspects 23

4.4 Siemens Schwel-Brenn 23

4.4.1 Process description 23

4.4.2 Operational experience 24

4.5 Von Roll RCP 24

4.5.1 Process description 24

4.5.2 Operational experience 24

4.6 Noell 25

4.6.1 Process description 25

4.6.2 Operational experience 26

4.7 Gibros PEC 26

4.7.1 Process description 26

4.7.2 Operational experience 27

4.7.3 Emission aspects 28

4.8 Thermoselect 28

4.8.1 Process description 28

4.8.2 Operational experience 28

4.8.3 Emission aspects 28

4.9 Processes in development or on pilot-scale 29

4.9.1 Aarding Energo 29

4.9.2 Battelle 29

4.9.3 BP Grangemouth 30

4.9.4 Linde smelt-bath 30

4.9.5 RESHMENT 30

4.9.6 Texaco 30

5. EVALUATION AND RANKING 33

5.1 Definition of Criteria 33

5.1.1 Energy efficiency 33

5.1.2 Bromine and Antimony recovery 33

5.1.3 General quality of residues/secondary products 34

5.1.4 Emissions (legislation) 34

5.1.5 Operational experience 34

5.1.6 Profit expectations and ROI 34

5.2 Evaluation and Discussion 34

5.2.1 Energy efficiency 35

5.2.2 Bromine recovery 35

5.2.3 Antimony recovery 36

5.2.4 Emissions (legislation permits) 37

5.2.5 General quality of residues/secondary products 37

5.2.6 Operational experience 38

5.2.7 Profit expectations (ROI) 38

5.3 Ranking 38

6. DISCUSSION 41

6.1 Thermal Processes 41

6.2 Bromine and Antimony 41

6.3 Evaluation and Ranking 41

6.4 Intermediate Discussions 42

6.5 Funding 42

7. CONCLUSION AND CONTINUATION 43

7.1 Conclusion 43

7.2 Continuation 43

8. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 45

9. LITERATURE AND REFERENCES 47