| | Prioritisation of product groups and product areas in the |
| | 0,58 | | MB | integrated product policy. Seminar-proceedings. |
| | 71 | | stron |
| | 5857 | | ID | LCA consultants |
| | 2004 | | rok |
| | Contents |
| | 1INTRODUCTION. 7 |
| | 2INTRODUKTION. 8 |
| | 3THE AMBITIONS OF THE DANISH PRIORITISATION PROJECT. 9 |
| | 3.1GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL. 9 |
| | 3.2MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT USE STAGE. 9 |
| | 3.3MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT DISPOSAL STAGE 10 |
| | 3.4DESCRIPTION OF INDUSTRIES AT THE LEVEL OF PRODUCT GROUPS10 |
| | 3.5IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF IMPORTED PRODUCTS. 12 |
| | 3.6IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXCHANGES 13 |
| | 3.7INCLUDING QUANTIFIED UNCERTAINTIES14 |
| | 3.8INCLUDING MARKET SENSITIVITY. 14 |
| | 3.9DESCRIPTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT POTENTIALS.15 |
| | 3.10QUESTIONS FOLLOWING THE PRESENTATION.16 |
| | 3.11LITERATURE16 |
| | 4SELECTION OF FUTURE EFFORT AREAS IN THE DANISH IPP – THE PILOT PROJECT. 18 |
| | 4.1PURPOSE AND METHOD18 |
| | 4.2COUPLING OF COMMODITIES AND LINES OF BUSINESS.18 |
| | 4.3ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT19 |
| | 4.4RANKING PROCEDURE. 19 |
| | 4.5REPORTING DATABASE 20 |
| | 4.6IMPROVEMENT OF THE MODEL 20 |
| | 4.7QUESTIONS FOLLOWING THE PRESENTATION.21 |
| | 4.8REFERENCES. 21 |
| | 5AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO ANALYSE THE IMPACT OF THE DANISH CONSUMPTION. |
| | NAMEA AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT INDEX.22 |
| | 5.1EXTENSION OF NAMEA 22 |
| | 5.2GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS23 |
| | 5.3AGGREGATION BASED ON SCIENCE OR PREFERENCES 23 |
| | 5.42.2 AGGREGATED INDEX – FOR AND AGAINST.24 |
| | 5.5REFERENCES 24 |
| | 6ADDRESSING TOXIC IMPACTS IN IO-LCA - WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS AND WHAT CAN BE |
| | DONE?.25 |
| | 6.1THE CERTAINTY OF THE NORMALISATION REFERENCE 25 |
| | 6.2ALLOCATING TOXIC EMISSIONS TO INDIVIDUAL LINES OF BUSINESS. 25 |
| | 6.3WHY NOT JUST FORGET THE WHOLE THING?. 26 |
| | 6.4QUESTIONS FOLLOWING THE PRESENTATION.27 |
| | 6.5REFERENCES. 27 |
| | 7ECONOMIC MODELLING OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR. 28 |
| | 8MODELLING OF WASTE IN IO-BASED ANALYSIS .32 |
| | 8.1WASTE IN A LCA-PERSPECTIVE 32 |
| | 8.2PROJECTS. 32 |
| | 8.3DATA FOR WASTE, WEIGHT AND TREATMENT.33 |
| | 8.4HAZARDOUS WASTE35 |
| | 8.5WHAT TO DO? 35 |
| | 8.6REFERENCES. 35 |
| | 9SWEDISH EXPERIENCES OF PRIORITISATION WITHIN THE IPP37 |
| | 9.1REFERENCES. 38 |
| | 10ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD FROM PRIVATE DUTCH CONSUMPTION 39 |
| | 10.1TOWARDS A SYSTEM OF INTERCONNECTED IO TABLES 39 |
| | 10.1.1The environmental load from consumption 40 |
| | 10.1.2Direct and indirect environmental load40 |
| | 10.1.3Consumption patterns. 40 |
| | 10.1.4Selection of elementary flows41 |
| | 10.1.5Direct environmental load 41 |
| | 10.1.6Indirect environmental load in the Netherlands. 42 |
| | 10.1.7Indirect load outside the Netherlands.42 |
| | 10.1.8Connecting the IO tables.42 |
| | 10.2 SOME RESULTS. 43 |
| | 10.3USE OF THE CONNECTED IO TABLES IN LCA 44 |
| | 10.4QUESTIONS AFTER THE PRESENTATION. 45 |
| | 10.5REFERENCES. 45 |
| | 11A CRITICAL DISCUSSION ABOUT THE NEED AND IMPLICATIONS OF HYBRID |
| | APPROACHES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT SYSTEMS47 |
| | 11.1ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM, ECONOMIC SECTORS AND |
| | PRODUCT SYSTEMS47 |
| | 11.2FROM ENVIRONMENTAL INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS (EIOA) TO HYBRID ANALYSIS.48 |
| | 11.3DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 49 |
| | 11.4REFERENCES. 49 |
| | 12PRIORITISATION AND BENEFIT ESTIMATION FOR POTENTIAL US EPA INVESTMENTS IN |
| | LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT. 50 |
| | 12.1THE VALUE-OF-INFORMATION APPROACH 50 |
| | 12.2REDUCING THE RIGHT UNCERTAINTIES52 |
| | 12.3MAIN FINDINGS. 53 |
| | 13 USE OF ACCUMULATIVE STRUCTURAL PATH ANALYSIS FOR U.S. ECONOMY 54 |
| | 13.1INTRODUCTION 54 |
| | 13.2METHOD 55 |
| | 13.2.1Linear supply-chain network.55 |
| | 13.2.2Contribution analysis 55 |
| | 13.2.3Structural Path Analysis. 56 |
| | 13.2.4Accumulative Structural Path Analysis.57 |
| | 13.3APPLICATION.58 |
| | 13.3.1Data and Calculation 58 |
| | 13.3.2Performance 58 |
| | 13.3.3Results |
| | 13.4DISCUSSIONS.59 |
| | 13.5REFERENCES. 60 |
| | 14DISCUSSION.61 |
| | 14.1QUESTIONS RAISED.61 |
| | 14.2THE OVERALL OBJECTIVES AND TARGET GROUP61 |
| | 14.3TEMPORAL ASPECTS62 |
| | 14.4CONSUMPTION PHASE63 |
| | 14.5IMPORT ASSUMPTIONS. 63 |
| | 14.6IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA 64 |
| | 14.7EXTRAPOLATIONS.65 |
| | 14.8REUSE, RECYCLING AND WASTE TREATMENT. 65 |
| | 14.9MODEL OPENNESS TO FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS.67 |
| | 14.10LCA DATA 67 |
| | 14.11IMPROVEMENT POTENTIALS 68 |
| | 14.12END OF WORKSHOP.68 |
| | 14.13REFERENCES. 68 |
| | 15ANNEX A. SEMINAR PROGRAMME69 |
| | 16ANNEX B. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS.71 |
| | Annex A. Workshop program |
| | Annex B. Workshop participants |