| | Material use indicators for the European Union, 1980-1997 |
| | 1,09 | | MB |
| | 110 | | stron |
| | 5896 | | ID | Eurostat Statistical Office of the European Communities |
| | 2001 | | rok |
| | Contents |
| | Objectives and summary .7 |
| | 1. Introduction .9 |
| | 1.1. The policy context .9 |
| | 1.2. Economy-wide material flow accounting11 |
| | 1.3. Material flow account based indicators.12 |
| | Input indicators13 |
| | Output indicators.14 |
| | Consumption indicators 14 |
| | Efficiency indicators .15 |
| | 1.4. Material flow data availability for the EU.15 |
| | 2. The methodological guide 16 |
| | 3. Total Material Requirement17 |
| | 3.1. TMR of the European Union.18 |
| | 3.2. International comparison of TMR.21 |
| | 3.3. Domestic and foreign components of TMR of the EU24 |
| | 4. Direct Material Input.27 |
| | 5. Material productivity .29 |
| | 6. Total Domestic Output.32 |
| | 7. Domestic Processed Output.35 |
| | 8. Domestic Material Consumption 39 |
| | 9. Physical Trade Balance41 |
| | 10. Material balances .44 |
| | 10.1. The material balance44 |
| | 10.2. Net Additions to Stock 46 |
| | 11. Conclusions and recommendations 48 |
| | References and further reading 50 |
| | Acknowledgements54 |
| | Annex: Accounting model and data system .55 |
| | A.1. Data sources available 55 |
| | A.2. Accounting for material balances of EU-15 .68 |
| | A.2.1. Introduction and overview .68 |
| | A.2.2. General data69 |
| | A.2.3. Domestic material input flows .69 |
| | A.2.3.1. Biomass70 |
| | A.2.3.1.1. Agriculture71 |
| | A.2.3.1.2. Forestry, Fishing, Hunting74 |
| | A.2.3.2. Excavation and dredging75 |
| | A.2.3.3. Fossil Energy .77 |
| | A.2.3.4. Minerals .79 |
| | A.2.3.5. Ores 86 |
| | A.2.4. Foreign material flows .89 |
| | A.2.4.1. Extra-EU trade .90 |
| | A.2.4.2. Extra- and Intra-EU trade.91 |
| | A.2.4.3. Summary of imports and exports.92 |
| | A.2.5. Domestic material outputs to the environment 93 |
| | A.2.5.1. Emissions to air94 |
| | A.2.5.2. Emissions to water |
| | A.2.5.3. Waste landfilled .95 |
| | A.2.5.4. Dissipative flows97 |
| | A.2.6. Balancing items 99 |
| | A.2.6.1. Respiration .99 |
| | A.2.6.2. Combustion of fuels.100 |
| | A.2.7. Indicators100 |
| | A.2.7.1. DMI and DMC.101 |
| | A.2.7.2. TMR.103 |
| | A.2.7.3. DPO and TDO103 |
| | A.2.7.4. Material Balance 104 |
| | A.2.7.5. Summary104 |
| | A.3. Literature and data sources .105 |