CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT

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Worcester Polytechnic Institute

1999

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES IV

LIST OF TABLESV

1.00. BACKGROUND1

1.10. IONIZING RADIATION 1

1.20. TYPES OF RADIATION 3

1.30. HALF LIFE 6

1.40. SUMMARY 10

2.00. NORMALIZATION 11

2.10. INTRODUCTION 11

2.20. TOTAL ENERGY RELEASE 12

2.30. SUMMARY 21

3.00. ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION 22

3.10. INTRODUCTION 22

3.20. COSMIC SOURCES OF RADIATION 24

3.30. TERRESTRIAL SOURCES OF RADIATION 27

3.40. AREAS OF HIGH RADIOACTIVITY 44

3.50. SUMMARY 47

4.00. APPLICATION 48

4.10. INTRODUCTION 48

4.20. AIRBORNE RELEASES 49

4.30. NEW JERSEY AQUIFER SYSTEM 53

4.40. HIGH LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE 56

4.50. SUMMARY 61

5.00. BIBLIOGRAPHY 62