| | REPORT TO CONGRESS ON SPECIAL WASTES FROM MINERAL |
| | 4,03 | | MB | PROCESSING Volume II: Methods and Analyses |
| | 466 | | stron |
| | 5977 | | ID | UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY |
| | 1990 | | rok |
| | Table of Contents |
| | Volume I: Summary and Findings |
| | Volume II: Methods and Analyses |
| | Chapter |
| | 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1-1 |
| | 1.1 The Scope of the Mineral Processing Waste Exemption . 1-1 |
| | 1.2 Contents and Organization 1-3 |
| | 2.0 METHODS AND INFORMATION SOURCES . 2-1 |
| | 2.1 EPA Data Collection Activities 2-1 |
| | 2.2 Analytical Approach and Methods . 2-3 |
| | 2.2.1 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices 2-4 |
| | 2.2.2 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 2-6 |
| | 2.2.3 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls . 2-19 |
| | 2.2.4 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization 2-21 |
| | 2.2.5 Cost and Economic Impacts 2-23 |
| | 2.2.6 Summary . 2-35 |
| | 3.0 ALUMINA PRODUCTION 3-1 |
| | 3.1 Industry Overview 3-1 |
| | 3.2 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices . 3-2 |
| | 3.3 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 3-4 |
| | 3.4 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls . 3-12 |
| | 3.5 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization . 3-13 |
| | 3.6 Cost and Economic Impacts. 3-14 |
| | 3.7 Summary . 3-14 |
| | 11-2 Chapter 11: Magnesium Production |
| | 4.0 SODIUM DICHROMATE PRODUCTION 4-1 |
| | 4.1 Industry Overview 4-1 |
| | 4.2 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices . 4-2 |
| | 4.3 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 4-4 |
| | 4.4 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls . 4-10 |
| | 4.5 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization . 4-10 |
| | 4.6 Cost and Economic Impacts. 4-11 |
| | 4.7 Summary . 4-11 |
| | 5.0 COAL GASIFICATION 5-1 |
| | 5.1 Industry Overview 5-1 |
| | 5.2 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices . 5-2 |
| | 5.3 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 5-4 |
| | 5.4 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls . 5-16 |
| | 5.5 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization . 5-17 |
| | 5.6 Cost and Economic Impacts. 5-17 |
| | 5.7 Summary . 5-18 |
| | 6.0 PRIMARY COPPER PROCESSING 6-1 |
| | 6.1 Industry Overview 6-1 |
| | 6.2 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices . 6-4 |
| | 6.3 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 6-8 |
| | 6.4 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls . 6-42 |
| | 6.5 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization . 6-44 |
| | 6.6 Cost and Economic Impacts. 6-51 |
| | 6.7 Summary . 6-61 |
| | 7.0 ELEMENTAL PHOSPHORUS PRODUCTION. 7-1 |
| | 7.1 Industry Overview 7-1 |
| | 7.2 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices . 7-3 |
| | 7.3 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 7-3 |
| | 7.4 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls . 7-17 |
| | 7.5 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization . 7-18 |
| | 7.6 Cost and Economic Impacts. 7-22 |
| | 7.7 Summary . 7-22 |
| | Chapter 11: Magnesium Production 11-3 |
| | 8.0 FERROUS METALS PRODUCTION .8-1 |
| | 8.1 Industry Overview 8-1 |
| | 8.2 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices . 8-5 |
| | 8.3 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 8-8 |
| | 8.4 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls . 8-32 |
| | 8.5 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization . 8-37 |
| | 8.6 Cost and Economic Impacts . 8-39 |
| | 8.7 Summary .8-48 |
| | 9.0 HYDROFLUORIC ACID PRODUCTION . |
| | 9.1 Industry Overview 9-1 |
| | 9.2 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices .9-2 |
| | 9.3 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 9-5 |
| | 9.4 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls . 9-18 |
| | 9.5 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization . 9-20 |
| | 9.6 Cost and Economic Impacts . 9-21 |
| | 9.7 Summary .9-25 |
| | 10.0 PRIMARY LEAD PROCESSING .10-1 |
| | 10.1 Industry Overview 10-1 |
| | 10.2 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices .10-3 |
| | 10.3 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 10-5 |
| | 10.4 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls .10-26 |
| | 10.5 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization .10-28 |
| | 10.6 Cost and Economic Impacts . 10-33 |
| | 10.7 Summary .10-41 |
| | 11.0 MAGNESIUM PRODUCTION 11-1 |
| | 11.1 Industry Overview 11-1 |
| | 11.2 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices . 11-3 |
| | 11.3 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 11-4 |
| | 11.4 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls .11-8 |
| | 11.5 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization .11-9 |
| | 11.6 Cost and Economic Impacts .11-9 |
| | 11.7 Summary .11-14 |
| | 11-4 Chapter 11: Magnesium Production |
| | 12.0 PHOSPHORIC ACID PRODUCTION 12-1 |
| | 12.1 Industry Overview 12-1 |
| | 12.2 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices . 12-3 |
| | 12.3 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 12-5 |
| | 12.4 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls . 12-32 |
| | 12.5 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization . 12-36 |
| | 12.6 Cost and Economic Impacts. 12-47 |
| | 12.7 Summary . 12-58 |
| | 13.0 TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE PRODUCTION 13-1 |
| | 13.1 Industry Overview 13-1 |
| | 13.2 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices . 13-3 |
| | 13.3 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 13-5 |
| | 13.4 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls . 13-20 |
| | 13.5 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization . 13-22 |
| | 13.6 Cost and Economic Impacts. 13-23 |
| | 13.7 Summary . 13-29 |
| | 14.0 PRIMARY ZINC PROCESSING . 14-1 |
| | 14.1 Industry Overview 14-1 |
| | 14.2 Waste Characteristics, Generation, and Current Management Practices . 14-2 |
| | 14.3 Potential and Documented Danger to Human Health and the Environment 14-4 |
| | 14.4 Existing Federal and State Waste Management Controls . 14-17 |
| | 14.5 Waste Management Alternatives and Potential Utilization . 14-18 |
| | 14.6 Cost and Economic Impacts. 14-20 |
| | 14.7 Summary . 14-25 |
| | GLOSSARY . G-1 |
| | Volume III: Appendices |
| | APPENDIX A History of the Mining Waste Exclusion for Mineral Processing Wastes APPENDIX B |
| | EPA Data Collection Activities B-1 |
| | Description of the 1989 National Survey of Solid Wastes from Mineral Processing Facilities |
| | (SWMPF Survey) . B-1-1 |
| | B-2 Description of 1989 EPA Sampling and Analysis Activities B-2-1 |
| | B-3 List of Facilities With Documented Cases of Damage from Mineral Processing Waste . B-3-1 |
| | B-4 Example of RCRA §3007 Data Request . B-4-1 |
| | B-5 List of Published Reports, Papers, Abstracts, and Data . B-4-1 |
| | APPENDIX C Risk Assessment Criteria and Model |
| | C-1 Risk Assessment Screening Criteria . C-1-1 C-2 Summary of MMSOILS Model C-2-1 |
| | APPENDIX D Existing Regulatory Controls |
| | D-1 Existing Federal Regulatory Controls Addressing Mineral Processing Wastes D-1-1 |
| | D-2 Existing Regulatory Controls Addressing Mineral Processing Wastes in Selected States . D-2-1 |
| | |
| | APPENDIX E Cost and Economic Impact Assessment Methodology, Assumptions, and Results |
| | E-1 RCRA Subtitle C Statutory and Regulatory Provisions . E-1-1 |
| | E-2 Subtitle D-Plus Regulatory Program Scenario . E-2-1 |
| | E-3 Description of Cost Model and Assumptions . E-3-1 |
| | E-4 Sources of Market and Financial Data .E-4-1 |
| | E-5 Results of Financial Impact Analysis .E-5-1 |