| | Exposure Factors Handbook |
| | 10,7 | | MB |
| | 1193 | | stron |
| | 6047 | | ID | UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY |
| | 2005 | | rok |
| | Volume I - General Factors |
| | Chapter 1 - Introduction |
| | 1. INTRODUCTION |
| | 1.1. PURPOSE |
| | 1.2. INTENDED AUDIENCE |
| | 1.3. BACKGROUND |
| | 1.3.1. Selection of Studies for the Handbook |
| | 1.3.2. Using the Handbook in an Exposure Assessment |
| | 1.3.3. Approach Used to Develop Recommendations for Exposure Factors |
| | 1.3.4. Characterizing Variability |
| | 1.4. GENERAL EQUATION FOR CALCULATING DOSE |
| | 1.5. RESEARCH NEEDS |
| | 1.6. ORGANIZATION REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 1 APPENDIX 1A |
| | Chapter 2 - Variability and Uncertainty |
| | 2. VARIABILITY AND UNCERTAINTY |
| | 2.1. VARIABILITY VERSUS UNCERTAINTY |
| | 2.2. TYPES OF VARIABILITY |
| | 2.3. CONFRONTING VARIABILITY |
| | 2.4. CONCERN ABOUT UNCERTAINTY |
| | 2.5. TYPES OF UNCERTAINTY AND REDUCING UNCERTAINTY |
| | 2.6. ANALYZING VARIABILITY AND UNCERTAINTY |
| | 2.7. PRESENTING RESULTS OF VARIABILITY AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS REFERENCES |
| | FOR CHAPTER 2 |
| | Volume I - General Factors |
| | Chapter 3 - Drinking Water Intake |
| | 3. DRINKING WATER INTAKE |
| | 3.1. BACKGROUND |
| | 3.2. KEY GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES ON DRINKING WATER INTAKE |
| | 3.3. RELEVANT GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES ON DRINKING WATER INTAKE |
| | 3.4. PREGNANT AND LACTATING WOMEN |
| | 3.5. HIGH ACTIVITY LEVELS/HOT CLIMATES |
| | 3.6. RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 3 |
| | Chapter 3 - Drinking Water Intake |
| | Chapter 4 - Soil Ingestion and Pica |
| | 4. SOIL INGESTION AND PICA |
| | 4.1 BACKGROUND |
| | 4.2. KEY STUDIES ON SOIL INTAKE AMONG CHILDREN |
| | 4.3. RELEVANT STUDIES ON SOIL INTAKE AMONG CHILDREN |
| | 4.4. SOIL INTAKE AMONG ADULTS |
| | 4.5. PREVALENCE OF PICA |
| | 4.6. DELIBERATE SOIL INGESTION AMONG CHILDREN |
| | 4.7. RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 4 |
| | Chapter 5 - Inhalation |
| | 5. INHALATION ROUTE |
| | 5.1. EXPOSURE EQUATION FOR INHALATION |
| | 5.2. INHALATION RATE |
| | 5.2.1. Background |
| | 5.2.2. Key Inhalation Rate Studies |
| | 5.2.3. Relevant Inhalation Rate Studies |
| | 5.2.4. Recommendations |
| | REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER |
| | 5 APPENDIX 5A |
| | Chapter 5 - Inhalation |
| | Chapter 6 - Dermal |
| | 6. DERMAL ROUTE |
| | 6.1. EQUATION FOR DERMAL DOSE |
| | 6.2. SURFACE AREA |
| | 6.2.1. Background |
| | 6.2.2. Measurement Techniques |
| | 6.2.3. Key Body Surface Area Studies |
| | 6.2.4. Relevant Surface Area Studies |
| | 6.2.5. Application of Body Surface Area Data |
| | 6.3. SOIL ADHERENCE TO SKIN |
| | 6.3.1. Background |
| | 6.3.2. Key Soil Adherence to Skin Studies |
| | 6.3.3. Relevant Soil Adherence to Skin Studies |
| | 6.4. RECOMMENDATIONS |
| | 6.4.1. Body Surface Area |
| | 6.4.2. Soil Adherence to Skin |
| | REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 6 |
| | APPENDIX 6A |
| | Chapter 7 - Body Weight Studies |
| | 7. BODY WEIGHT STUDIES |
| | 7.1. KEY BODY WEIGHT STUDY |
| | 7.2. RELEVANT BODY WEIGHT STUDIES |
| | 7.3. RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 7 |
| | Chapter 8 - Lifetime |
| | 8. LIFETIME |
| | 8.1. KEY STUDY ON LIFETIME |
| | 8.2. RECOMMENDATIONS |
| | REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 8 |
| | Volume II - Food Ingestion Factors |
| | Chapter 9 - Intake of Fruits and Vegetables |
| | 9. INTAKE OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES |
| | 9.1. BACKGROUND |
| | 9.2. INTAKE STUDIES |
| | 9.2.1. U.S. Department of Agriculture Nationwide Food Consumption Survey and Continuing |
| | Survey of Food Intake by Individuals |
| | 9.2.2. Key Fruits and Vegetables Intake Study Based on the USDA CSFII |
| | 9.2.3. Relevant Fruits and Vegetables Intake Studies |
| | 9.2.4. Relevant Fruits and Vegetables Serving Size Study Based on the USDA NFCS |
| | 9.2.5. Conversion Between As Consumed and Dry Weight Intake Rates |
| | 9.3. RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 9 |
| | APPENDIX 9A |
| | APPENDIX 9B |
| | Chapter 10 - Intake of Fish and Shellfish |
| | 10. INTAKE OF FISH AND SHELLFISH |
| | 10.1. BACKGROUND |
| | 10.2. KEY GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES |
| | 10.3. RELEVANT GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES |
| | 10.4. KEY RECREATIONAL (MARINE FISH STUDIES) |
| | 10.5. RELEVANT RECREATIONAL MARINE STUDIES |
| | 10.6. KEY FRESHWATER RECREATIONAL STUDIES |
| | 10.7. RELEVANT FRESHWATER RECREATIONAL STUDIES |
| | 10.8. NATIVE AMERICAN FRESHWATER STUDIES |
| | 10.9. OTHER FACTORS |
| | 10.10. RECOMMENDATIONS |
| | 10.10.1. Recommendations - General Population |
| | 10.10.2. Recommendations - Recreational Marine Anglers |
| | 10.10.3. Recommendations - Recreational Freshwater Anglers |
| | 10.10.4. Recommendations - Native American Subsistence Populations |
| | REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 10 |
| | APPENDIX 10A |
| | APPENDIX 10B |
| | APPENDIX 10C |
| | Chapter 11 - Intake of Meat and Dairy Products |
| | 11. INTAKE OF MEAT AND DAIRY PRODUCTS |
| | 11.1. INTAKE STUDIES |
| | 11.1.1. U.S. Department of Agriculture Nationwide Food Consumption Survey and Continuing |
| | Survey of Food Intake by Individuals |
| | 11.1.2. Key Meat and Dairy Products Intake Study Based on the CSFII |
| | 11.1.3. Relevant Meat and Dairy Products Intake Studies |
| | 11.2. FAT CONTENT OF MEAT AND DAIRY PRODUCTS |
| | 11.3. CONVERSION BETWEEN AS CONSUMED AND DRY WEIGHT INTAKE RATES |
| | 11.4. RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 11 |
| | APPENDIX 11A |
| | Chapter 12 - Intake of Grain Products |
| | 12. INTAKE OF GRAIN PRODUCTS |
| | 12.1. INTAKE STUDIES |
| | 12.1.1. U.S. Department of Agriculture Nationwide Food Consumption Survey and Continuing |
| | Survey of Food Intake by Individuals |
| | 12.1.2. Key Grain Products Intake Studies Based on the CSFII |
| | 12.1.3. Relevant Grain Products Intake Studies |
| | 12.1.4. Key Grain Products Serving Size Study Based on the USDA NFCS |
| | 12.2. CONVERSION BETWEEN AS CONSUMED AND DRY WEIGHT INTAKE RATES |
| | 12.3. RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 12 |
| | APPENDIX 12A |
| | Chapter 13 - Intake Rates for Various Home Produced Food Items |
| | 13. INTAKE RATES FOR VARIOUS HOME PRODUCED FOOD ITEMS |
| | 13.1. BACKGROUND |
| | 13.2. METHODS |
| | 13.3. RESULTS |
| | 13.4. ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS |
| | 13.5. RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 13 |
| | APPENDIX 13A |
| | Chapter 14 - Breast Milk Intake |