Taking Stock 2004 North American Pollutant Releases and

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface v

Acknowledgements vi

Chapter 1

Introduction 1

1.1 Highlights: Releases and Transfers of Pollutants from Industrial Sources in North America 3

1.2 Introduction to the Taking Stock Report 4

1.3 Focus of This Year’s Report 4

1.4 Strengths and Limitations of the Data 5

Chapter 2

Using and Understanding This Report 7

2.1 The Three Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers of North America 10

2.2 The “Matched” Data Sets 11

2.3 Terminology 13

Chapter 3

First View of Releases and Transfers of Chemicals from Canada, Mexico and the United States:

2004 15

Key Findings 17

3.1 Introduction 17

3.2 How Do North American Industrial Facilities Manage Their Pollutants? 20

3.3 How Can We Improve Our Understanding of Pollutant Releases and Transfers in North

America? 31

3.4 References for Chapter 3 35

Table of Contents

Chapter 4

Releases and Transfers of Chemicals in Canada and the United States: 2004 39

Key Findings 41

4.1 Introduction 41

4.2 Releases and Transfers in Canada and the United States in 2004 43

4.3 Changes from 2003–2004 52

Chapter 5

Trends in Industrial Releases and Transfers for Canada and the United States, 1998–2004 57

Key Findings 59

5.1 Introduction 59

5.2 Trends in Releases and Transfers in Canada and the United States, 1998–2004 60

5.3 What is Pollution Prevention? 72

Chapter 6

Chemicals of Special Interest 75

Key Findings 77

6.1 Introduction 77

6.2 Known or Suspected Carcinogens 78

6.3 Chemicals Linked to Birth Defects and Other Developmental or Reproductive Harm (California

Proposition 65 Chemicals) 83

6.4 Dioxins and Furans 88

6.5 Criteria Air Contaminants 89

6.6 Greenhouse Gases 93

Chapter 7

Cross-Border Transfers of Chemicals from Canada and the United States 97

Key Findings 99

7.1 Introduction 99

7.2 Cross-Border Transfers, 2004 100

7.3 Trends in Cross-Border Transfers, 1998–2004 104

Chapter 8

Special Analyses: Transfers to Recycling 107

Key Findings 109

8.1 Introduction 109

8.2 Recycling Regulations 111

8.3 Cross-Boundary Agreements 114

8.4 Disposal Regulations 114

8.5 Economic Factors affecting Recycling 115

8.6 PRTR Reporting of Transfers to Recycling 116

8.7 Current Issues in Recycling 133

8.8 Facilities Interviewed 134

8.9 References for Chapter 8 135

Appendixes 137