Literature survey of polyfluorinated organic compounds,

1,21

MB

phosphor containing flame retardants, 3-nitrobenzanthrone,

115

stron

organic tin compounds, platinum and silver

6215

ID

Norwegian Institute for Air Research

2007

rok

Contents

Summary1

1 Introduction.7

2 Polyfluorinated organic compounds (PFC).8

2.1 Introduction.8

2.2 Perfluoroalkyl sulphonates (PFS)12

2.2.1 Perfluorobutane sulphonate (PFBS)13

2.2.2 Perfluorohexane sulphonate (PFHxS)15

2.2.3 Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS)17

2.3 Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCA).24

2.3.1 Perfluorobutanoate (PFB)26

2.3.2 Perfluorohexanoate (PFHx).27

2.3.3 Perfluorooctanoate (PFO)28

2.3.4 Perfluorononanoate – perfluorotridecanoate (PFN - PFTr).34

2.4 Perfluorinated alcohols36

2.5 Fluorotelomer sulphonates (FTS)37

2.6 Fluorotelomer acids; saturated and unsaturated (FT(U)CA).39

2.7 Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOH)41

2.8 Fluorotelomer olefines (FTolefine) and fluorotelomer iodide.46

2.9 Fluorotelomer aldehydes (FTAL)48

2.10 Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon, PTFE)50

2.11 Combustion/ thermodegradation of fluoropolymers54

3 Phosphororganic flame retardants (PFR).66

3.1 Introduction.66

3.2 Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)68

3.3 Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP).71

3.4 Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Propyl)phosphate (TDCP(P))75

3.5 Tetrakis(2-chloroethyl)-dichloroisopentyldiphosphate (V6).79

4 3-nitrobenzanthrone.84

5 Organotin compounds.88

6 Noble metals.101

6.1 Platinum101

6.2 Silver.106