Guidelines for managing water quality impacts within UK

2,24

MB

European marine sites

448

stron

6264

ID

WRc plc

2000

rok

Contents

Preface 6

Background 8

1. Introduction 13

2. Framework of controls in the UK 16

2.1 Introduction 16

2.2 Legislation 16

2.3 Competent authorities 40

3. Decision-making process by relevant authorities 52

3.1 England and Wales 52

3.2 Scotland 64

3.3 Northern Ireland 68

4. Principal water quality issues likely to affect the interest features of European marine sites in the

UK 71

4.1 Introduction 71

4.2 Toxic substances 73

4.3 Non-toxic substances 94

5. Water quality guidelines and standards in the marine environment 100

5.1 Introduction 100

5.2 Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) 100

5.3 Standards needed to meet other Directive requirements 109

5.4 Sediment quality standards 111

6. Factors affecting fate and behaviour of chemicals in the environment 115

6.1 Introduction 115

6.2 Dilution 115

6.3 Flushing time 117

6.4 Stratification 118

6.5 Sediment type 118

7. Dealing with new proposals and reviews of consents 120

7.1 Introduction 120

7.2 Approach to the consenting process 121

7.3 Case studies 122

Glossary 138

Appendices 141

Appendix A. Toxic substances formally identified as potentially harmful to aquatic life 143

A1. Introduction 143

A2. The Dangerous Substances Directive 143

A.3 Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic 145

A.4 Ministerial Conferences on the Protection of the North Sea 145

Appendix B Toxic substances profiles 149

B1. Ammonia 151

B2. Cadmium 155

B3. Mercury 162

B4. Lead 168

B5. Chromium 174

B6. Zinc 178

B7. Copper 182

B8 Nickel 186

B9. Arsenic 190

B10. Vanadium 194

B11. Boron 196

B12. Iron 198

B14. Diuron and Linuron 207

B15. Trifluralin 210

B16. Bentazone 214

B17. Organochlorine pesticides (aldrin, ddt, dieldrin, endrin and isodrin) 216

B18. Lindane (gamma isomer of Hexachlorocyclohexane) 219

B19. Endosulfan 221

B20. Synthetic pyrethroids 226

B21. Organophosphate pesticides 229

B22. Azinphos-methyl 230

B23. Malathion 233

B24. Fenitrothion 236

B25. Dimethoate 239

B26. Chemicals used in fish farms 243

B27. Ivermectin 246

B28. Dichlorvos 249

B29. Mothproofing chemicals 252

B30. Antifoulant paints 255

B31. Organotins 256

B32. Booster biocides in antifoulant paints 261

B33. Timber treatment Chemicals (including creosote) 264

B34. Biocides used in Cooling Water Disinfection 268

B35. Benzene 278

B36. Biphenyl 282

B37. 4-chloro-3-methyl phenol 286

B38. Carbon Tetrachloride 288

B39. Chlorinated Ethylenes 292

B40. Chloronitrotoluenes 295

B41. Chlorinated paraffins 297

B43. Dichlorobenzenes 308

B44. Chlorinated Ethanes 312

B45. Hexachlorobutadiene 317

B46. PAHs (in general) 319

B47. Naphthalene 323

B48. PCBs 327

B49. Phthalates 331

B50. Polybrominated naphthalenes 340

B51. Oils and petrochemicals 343

B52. Surfactants 352

B53. Toluene 356

B54. Xylenes 360

B55. Radioactive substances 364

B56. Algal toxins and algae-related fish kills 375

B57. Microbial pathogens and toxins 379

Appendix C. Non-toxic substance profiles 383

C1 Nitrogen 384

C2. Phosphorus 392

C3. Silicon 397

C4. Organic carbon 399

C5. Dissolved oxygen 404

C6. pH 410

C7. Salinity 414

C8. Thermal discharges 417

C9. Turbidity 422

Appendix D. Background levels of toxic substances 427

D1. Introduction 427

D2. Water Column Concentrations 427

D3. Sediment Concentrations 432

D4. Biota Concentrations 43