MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF SURFACE AREAS

8,75
MB

158
stron

6359
ID UNITED STATES ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

2002
rok

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL

Purpose 1-1 1-1

Scope 1-2 1-1

References 1-3 1-1

General Principles for Maintenance of Surface Areas 1-4 1-1

Safety. 1-5 1-3

2. SUBGRADES, SUBBASES, AND BASES

Pavement Types 2-1 2-1

Subgrade. 2-2 2-1

Subbase 2-3 2-3

Base Course 2-4 2-3

Materials for Subbases and Base Courses. 2-5 2-3

Construction and Repair Procedures 2-6 2-5

3. BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS

Pavement Structure . 3-1 3-1

Types of Bituminous Surfaces 3-2 3-1

Causes of Bituminous Pavement Distress 3-3 3-3

Types of Bituminous Pavement Distress 3-4 3-7

Bituminous Pavement Materials 3-5 3-16

Bituminous Pavement Equipment. 3-6 3-21

Bituminous Repair Methods 3-7 3-32

4. CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

Methods and Procedures . 4-1 4-1

Properties and Behavior . 4-2 4-1

Causes of Concrete Pavement Distress. 4-3 4-5

Types of Concrete Pavement Distress . 4-4 4-10

Concrete Pavement Materials. 4-5 4-20

Concrete Pavement Equipment 4-6 4-22

Methods of Concrete Maintenance and Repair. 4-7 4-27

5. MISCELLANEOUS SURFACES

Maintenance and Repair. 5-1 5-1

Types of Surfaces and Materials 5-2 5-1

Causes of Distress. 5-3 5-7

Types of Distress. 5-4 5-7

Methods for Maintenance and Repair . 5-5 5-7

6. SHOULDERS AND ROADSIDES

Shoulders 6 1 6-1

Types of Shoulder Surfaces . 6-2 6-1

Geometrics 6-3 6-1

Types and Causes of Shoulder Distress 6-4 6-1

Methods of Shoulder Repair . 6-5 6-2

General Maintenance 6-6 6-3

7. DRAINAGE OF PAVEMENTS

Drainage Control 7-1 7-1

Types of Drainage Systems 7-2 7-1

CHAPTER 7. Types and Causes of Drainage Related Distress 7-3 7-4

Methods for Maintenance and Repair of Drainage Structures 7-4 7-5

8. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF BRIDGE SURFACES

Introduction . 8-1 8-1

Types of Bridge Surfaces . 8-2 8-1

Types and Causes of Bridge Surface Distress. 8-3 8-1

Methods for Maintenance and Repair of Bridge Surfaces 8-4 8-1

9. SNOW AND ICE CONTROL

Trafficked Area Requirements . 9-1 9-1

Properties of Snow and Ice. 9-2 9-1

Equipment for Snow and Ice Control 9-3 9-2

Snow Control and Removal. 9-4 9-4

Ice Control and Removal. 9-5 9-16

10. PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE

Rational for Maintenance 10-1 10-1

Inspection and Records 10-2 10-1

Maintenance Strategies and Performance of Paved Roads 10-3 10-2

APPENDIX A. REFERENCES A-1

GLOSSARY . Glossary-1

INDEX Index-1

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

Purpose 1-1 1-1

Scope 1-2 1-1

References 1-3 1-1

Selection of Pavement Type 1-4 1-1

Basis of Design 1-5 1-1

Computer Aided Design 1-6 1-1

CHAPTER 2. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS

General 2-1 2-1

Investigations of Site 2-2 2-1

Soil Conditions 2-3 2-1

Borrow Areas 2-4 2-1

CHAPTER 3. VEHICULAR TRAFFIC

Effect on Pavement Design 3-1 3-1

Traffic Evaluation 3-2 3-1

CHAPTER 4. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT SUBGRADES

Factors To Be Considered 4-1 4-1

Compaction 4-2 4-1

Compaction Example 4-3 4-1

Selection of Design CBR Values 4-4 4-2

CHAPTER 5. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT SELECT MATERIALS AND SUBBASE COURSES

General 5-1 5-1

Materials 5-2 5-1

Compaction 5-3 5-4

Drainage 5-4 5-2

Selection of Design CBR Values 5-5 5-2

CHAPTER 6. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT BASE COURSES

Materials 6-1 6-1

Compaction 6-2 6-1

Drainage 6-3 6-1

Selection of Design CBR 6-4 6-1

Minimum Thickness 6-5 6-1

CHAPTER 7. BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT

General 7-1 7-1

Criteria for Bituminous Pavements 7-2 7-1

CHAPTER 8. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN

General 8-1 8-1

Design Procedure 8-2 8-1

Design Index 8-3 8-1

Thickness Criteria-Conventional Flexible Pavements 8-4 8-1

Example Thickness Design-Conventional Flexible Pavements 8-5 8-2

Thickness Criteria-Stabilized Soil Layers 8-6 8-3

Example Thickness Design-Stabilized Soil Layers 8-7 8-4

Shoulders and Similar Areas 8-8 8-4

Bituminous Sidewalks 8-9 8-5

Bituminous Driveways 8-10 8-5

Curbs and Gutters 8-11 8-6

Flexible Overlay Design 8-12 8-6

CHAPTER 9. RIGID PAVEMENT SUBGRADES

Soil Classification and Tests 9-1 9-1

Compaction 9-2 9-1

Treatment of Unsuitable Soils 9-3 9-1

Determination of Modulus of Subgrade Reaction 9-4 9-2

CHAPTER 10. RIGID PAVEMENT BASE COURSES

General Requirements 10-1 10-1

Materials 10-2 10-1

Compaction 10-3 10-1

Frost Requirements 10-4 104

CHAPTER 11. CONCRETE PAVEMENT

Mix Proportioning and Control 11-1 11-1

Testing 11-2 11-1

Special Conditions 11-3 11-1

CHAPTER 12. PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN

General 12-1 12-1

Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavements 12-2 12-1

Design Procedure 12-3 12-1

Design Procedure for Stabilized Foundations 12-4 12-3

Design Examples 12-5 12-4

Concrete Sidewalks 12-6 12-4

Concrete Driveways 12-7 12-5

Curbs, Gutters, and Shoulders 12-8 12-5

CHAPTER 13. REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

Application 13-1 13-1

Design Procedure 13-2 13-3

Limitations 13-3 13-5

Reinforcing Steel 13-4 13-5

Design Examples 13-5 13-5

Design Details 13-6 13-6

CHAPTER 14. PAVEMENT OVERLAYS

General 14-1 14-1