| | Bridge Inspection, Maintenance, and Repair |
| | 5,13 | | MB |
| | 186 | | stron |
| | 6363 | | ID | Department of Defense |
| | 1994 | | rok |
| | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| | CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION |
| | Section IGENERAL INFORMATION |
| | Purpose 1-1 1-1 |
| | Scope 1-2 1-1 |
| | References 1-3 1-1 |
| | II MAINTENANCE PLANNING |
| | Programming and economic considerations 1-4 1-1 |
| | Elements of the maintenance program 1-5 1-1 |
| | III FREQUENCY OF INSPECTION |
| | Military requirements 1-6 1-2 |
| | Factors of frequency 1-7 1-2 |
| | IV QUALIFICATIONS OF INSPECTION PERSONNEL |
| | Army 1-8 1-2 |
| | Air Force 1-9 1-2 |
| | 2BRIDGE STRUCTURES |
| | Definition 2-1 2-1 |
| | Classification 2-2 2-1 |
| | Typical bridges 2-3 2-1 |
| | Box culverts 2-4 2-1 |
| | Military bridges 2-5 2-1 |
| | 3 BRIDGE ELEMENTS |
| | I SUBSTRUCTURE ELEMENTS |
| | General 3-1 3-1 |
| | Abutments 3-2 3-1 |
| | Piers and bents 3-3 3-1 |
| | II SUPERSTRUCTURES |
| | General 3-4 3-1 |
| | Decks 3-5 3-2 |
| | Floor systems 3-6 3-2 |
| | Main supporting members 3-7 3-2 |
| | Bracing 3-8 3-8 |
| | III MISCELLANEOUS ELEMENTS |
| | Bearings 3-9 3-12 |
| | Pin and hanger supports 3-10 3-12 |
| | Expansion joints 3-11 3-12 |
| | Approaches 3-12 3-12 |
| | Railings, sidewalks, and curbs 3-13 3-14 |
| | Deck drains 3-14 3-14 |
| | Utilities 3-15 3-14 |
| | Lighting 3-16 3-15 |
| | Dolphins and fenders 3-17 3-15 |
| | Welds, bolts, and rivets 3-18 3-16 |
| | 4 MECHANICS OF BRIDGES |
| | General 4-1 4-1 |
| | Bridge forces 4-2 4-1 |
| | Stress 4-3 4-1 |
| | 5 BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS |
| | I CONCRETE |
| | General 5-1 5-1 |
| | Physical and mechanical properties 5-2 5-1 |
| | Indication and classification of deterioration 5-3 5-1 |
| | Causes of deterioration 5-4 5-4 |
| | Assessment of concrete 5-5 5-8 |
| | Section II STRUCTURAL STEEL |
| | Physical and mechanical properties 5-6 5-11 |
| | Indicators and classification of deterioration 5-7 5-11 |
| | Causes of deterioration 5-8 5-12 |
| | Assessment of deterioration 5-9 5-13 |
| | III TIMBER |
| | Physical and mechanical properties 5-10 5-13 |
| | Deterioration: indicators and causes 5-11 5-14 |
| | Assessment of deterioration 5-12 5-16 |
| | IV WROUGHT AND CAST IRON |
| | General 5-13 5-17 |
| | Physical and mechanical properties 5-14 5-17 |
| | Deterioration: indicators and causes 5-15 5-18 |
| | V STONE MASONRY |
| | General 5-16 5-18 |
| | Physical and mechanical properties 5-17 5-18 |
| | Indicators of deterioration 5-18 5-18 |
| | Causes of deterioration 5-19 5-18 |
| | VI ALUMINUM |
| | General 5-20 5-18 |
| | Deterioration: indicators and causes 5-21 5-18 |
| | VII FOUNDATION SOILS |
| | General 5-22 5-19 |
| | Types of movement 5-23 5-19 |
| | Effects on structures 5-24 5-19 |
| | Indicators of movement 5-25 5-20 |
| | Causes of foundation movements 5-26 5-22 |
| | VIII WATERWAYS |
| | General 5-27 5-25 |
| | Types of movement and effects on waterways 5-28 5-25 |
| | CHAPTER 6BRIDGE REDUNDANCY AND FRACTURE CRITICAL MEMBERS (FCMs) |
| | I GENERAL |
| | Introduction 6-1 6-1 |
| | Fracture critical members 6-2 6-1 |
| | Redundancy 6-3 6-1 |
| | Criticality of FCMs 6-4 6-1 |
| | II EXAMPLES |
| | Two-girder system (or single-box girder) 6-5 6-3 |
| | Two-truss system 6-6 6-4 |
| | Cross girders and pier caps 6-7 6-5 |
| | Supports and suspended spans 6-8 6-5 |
| | 7INSPECTION CONSIDERATIONS |
| | ITOOLS AND EQUIPMENT |
| | Basic 7-1 7-1 |
| | Concrete inspection 7-2 7-1 |
| | Steel inspection 7-3 7-1 |
| | Timber inspection 7-4 7-1 |
| | Cast iron, wrought iron, and aluminum inspection 7-5 7-1 |
| | Special equipment 7-6 7-2 |
| | II SAFETY |
| | General 7-7 7-2 |
| | Bridge site organization 7-8 7-2 |
| | Personal protection 7-9 7-2 |
| | Special safety equipment 7-10 7-2 |
| | Climbing of high steel 7-11 7-2 |
| | Confined spaces 7-12 7-3 |
| | III DOCUMENTATION OF THE BRIDGE INSPECTION |
| | General 7-13 7-4 |
| | Planning and documenting the inspection 7-14 7-4 |
| | Structure evaluation 7-15 7-4 |
| | IV INSPECTION PROCEDURE |
| | General 7-16 7-5 |
| | Inspection sequence 7-17 7-5 |
| | CHAPTER 8BRIDGE COMPONENT INSPECTION |
| | Section I SUBSTRUCTURES |
| | General 8-1 8-1 |
| | Abutments 8-2 8-1 |
| | Retaining walls 8-3 8-1 |
| | Piers and bents 8-4 8-1 |
| | Pile bents 8-5 8-4 |
| | Dolphins and fenders 8-6 8-4 |
| | II SUPERSTRUCTURES |
| | Concrete beams and girders 8-7 8-5 |
| | Steel beams and girders 8-8 8-6 |
| | Pin and hanger connections 8-9 8-8 |
| | Floor systems 8-10 8-12 |
| | Diaphragms and cross frames 8-11 8-13 |
| | Trusses 8-12 8-13 |
| | Lateral bracing portals and sway frames 8-13 8-16 |
| | Tied arches 8-14 8-16 |
| | Metal bearings 8-15 8-17 |
| | Elastomeric bearings 8-16 8-18 |
| | Decks 8-17 8-18 |
| | Expansion joints 8-18 8-20 |
| | Railings, sidewalks, and curbs 8-19 8-21 |
| | Approaches 8-20 8-22 |
| | Bridge drainage 8-21 8-22 |
| | III MISCELLANEOUS INSPECTION ITEMS |
| | Waterways 8-22 8-23 |
| | Paint 8-23 8-24 |
| | Signing 8-24 8-24 |
| | Utilities 8-25 8-26 |