| | Basic Principles and Guidelines in Design and Construction to |
| | 9,09 | | MB | Reduce Greenhouse Gases in Buildings |
| | 166 | | stron |
| | 6377 | | ID | International Environmental Technology Centre |
| | 2003 | | rok |
| | Content |
| | CONTENT .2 |
| | 1 BACKGROUND .4 |
| | 1.1 Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) overview4 |
| | 1.2 Population and climate change .7 |
| | 1.3 The building and construction sector .8 |
| | 2 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE MEASUREMENTS TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GASES |
| | IN BUILDINGS.10 |
| | 3. APPROACHES FOR THE REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN BUILDINGS .14 |
| | 3.1 General Approaches.14 |
| | Renewable Materials.17 |
| | Building Size and Shape .18 |
| | Climate Responsive Design.18 |
| | 3.2 Design Approaches.19 |
| | 3.2.1 Structural Design and Building Materials 20 |
| | 3.2.1.1 Interaction between building materials and spatial structures.20 |
| | 3.2.1.2 Materials for specific spatial structures.21 |
| | 3.2.1.3 Conventional building materials and related GHG Emissions25 |
| | 3.2.1.4 “Alternative” building materials and related GHG Emissions.27 |
| | 3.2.1.5 Combination of Alternative and Common building materials 33 |
| | 3.2.1.6 Local Materials .33 |
| | 3.2.1.7 Proportion of a building’s life phases on the total GHG emissions 34 |
| | 3.2.1.8 Multifunctional Design .35 |
| | 3.2.1.9 Durability 38 |
| | 3.2.1.10 Maintenance.40 |
| | 3.2.1.11 Lifespan – Reuse and Recycling40 |
| | 3.2.1.11.1 Reuse of components42 |
| | 3.2.1.11.2 Recycling of building materials.43 |
| | 3.2.1.11.2.1 Recycling materials made of residual building materials 43 |
| | 3.2.1.11.2.2 Recycling materials made of industrial by-products44 |
| | 3.2.1.11.2.3 Recycling materials made of other products, e.g. consumer goods .44 |
| | 3.2.2 Climate Responsive Building Design 45 |
| | 3.2.2.1 Introduction.45 |
| | 3.2.2.2 Basic principles of Climate responsive building.46 |
| | 3.2.2.3 Climate Factors .48 |
| | 3.2.2.4 Climate zones and structural requirements .48 |
| | 3.2.2.4.1 Hot and Humid Climate Zones50 |
| | 3.2.2.4.2 Arid Climate Zones .55 |
| | 3.2.2.4.3 The Temperate Climate Zones 60 |
| | 3.2.2.4.4 The Cold Climate Zones .65 |
| | 3.2.2.5 Data and Planning Tools.69 |
| | 3.2.2.5 .1 Collation of Information69 |
| | 3.2.2.5 .2 Analysis of collated information and building design.71 |
| | 3.2.3 Energy efficient building conditioning measures and building services engineering 72 |
| | 3.2.3.1 Natural Lighting72 |
| | 3.2.3.2 Artificial Lighting .80 |
| | 3.2.3.3 Natural Ventilation81 |
| | 3.2.3.4 Mechanical Ventilation:83 |
| | 3.2.3.5 Cooling, Heating and Air Conditioning 84 |
| | 3.2.3.5 .1 Cooling techniques86 |
| | 3.2.3.5 .1.1 Evaporative Cooling .87 |
| | 3.2.3.5 .1.2 Ground Cooling 89 |
| | 3.2.3.5 .1.3 Radiative Cooling .90 |
| | 3.2.3.5 .1.4 Refrigerative Cooling .91 |
| | 3.2.3.6 Technologies for heating and electricity production.92 |
| | 3.2.3.6 .1 Passive Solar Heating93 |
| | 3.2.3.6 .2 Components for active thermal utilisation of solar energy94 |
| | 3.2.3.7 Sanitation Systems and Water Consumption 96 |
| | 3.3 The challenge of Guidelines, Regulations and Building Codes 97 |
| | 4 APPENDIXES.98 |
| | 4.1 Planning Tools for Climate Responsive Building and Construction in the hot and humid climate |
| | zone of Pondicherry, India” .99 |
| | 4.2 Life Cycle Assessment Tools104 |
| | 4.3 Internet Resources Sustainable Building and Construction.108 |
| | 4.4 International Case Studies.122 |
| | Promotion of Cost-Efficient Housing in Ethiopia124 |
| | Chumbe Island Coral Park project Tanzania .126 |
| | Housing Development Villa Hermosa in Diriamba, Nicaragua.128 |
| | Resettlement in Peru 130 |
| | Changzhou demonstration project .132 |
| | MECM Low Energy Office (LEO) building in Putrajaya Malaysia 134 |
| | Buenavista Homes Jugan Consolacion Cebu City, Philippines .136 |
| | Bio-Solar House in Thailand .138 |
| | 60L Green Building, Carlton, Victoria 140 |
| | Production Hall “Huebner”142 |
| | 4.5 Physical Data 144 |
| | 4.6 References Illustrations .150 |
| | 4.7 References Literature 162 |