| | A Source Book on Building Systems Performance |
| | 3,73 | | MB |
| | 125 | | stron |
| | 6378 | | ID | Portland Energy Conservation, Inc. (PECI) |
| | 2002 | | rok |
| | Content |
| | Part 1: Introduction to Commissioning |
| | Introduction to Part 11 |
| | Acronyms List2 |
| | Definition of Commissioning2 |
| | - What Exactly is Building Commissioning?2 |
| | Commissioning Approaches3 |
| | Benefits of Commissioning4 |
| | - Proper and Efficient Equipment Operation4 |
| | - Improved Coordination Between Design, Construction and Occupancy5 |
| | - Improved Indoor Air Quality, Comfort and Productivity5 |
| | - Liability Related to Indoor Air Quality8 |
| | - Reduced Operation and Maintenance and Equipment Replacement Costs8 |
| | - The Bottom Line9 |
| | Costs of Building Commissioning9 |
| | Savings from Building Commissioning9 |
| | Commissioning Case Studies11 |
| | - Fresno Community Regional Medical Center Commissioning Project11 |
| | - State of California‘s Capitol Area East End Project, Block 225, |
| | California Department of Education12 |
| | - San Francisco International Airport Aviation Museum13 |
| | Selecting a Commissioning Provider13 |
| | - Independent Third Party Under Contract to the Owner14 |
| | - Architect or Design Engineer Overseeing the Commissioning Process15 |
| | - Contractor15 |
| | - Commissioning Provider Qualifications16 |
| | - Optional Qualifications17 |
| | The Commissioning Team19 |
| | - Building Owner/Property Manager20 |
| | - Commissioning Provider20 |
| | - Design Professionals21 |
| | - Installing Contractors and Manufacturer Representatives21 |
| | - Facility Manager/Building Operator21 |
| | - Testing Specialists22 |
| | Commissioning Phases22 |
| | - Predesign Phase22 |
| | - Design Phase23 |
| | - Construction Phase24 |
| | - Warranty Phase27 |
| | When Does Commissioning End?28 |
| | Operation and Maintenance for Persistence28 |
| | - Good Operation and Maintenance Begins During Design28 |
| | - Operation and Maintenance Manuals29 |
| | - Training30 |
| | - Preventive Maintenance32 |
| | Part 2: Commissioning Guide for Design Professionals Introduction to Part 237 |
| | - What Is Building Commissioning?37 |
| | - A Brief History39 |
| | - Who Takes Advantage of Commissioning?40 |
| | - Why Should Designers Be Involved?41 |
| | - What Does This Guide Include?42 |
| | Acronyms List42 |
| | Commissioning and Green Buildings42 |
| | How Designers Benefit from Commissioning46 |
| | - A Team Approach46 |
| | - Coordination Among Designers, Builders and Owners46 |
| | - Designs Work in the Field47 |
| | - Designers Save Time48 |
| | - Early Detection Saves Money49 |
| | - Designers Gain an Ally50 |
| | - Reduced Claims50 |
| | - Increased Customer Satisfaction51 |
| | Benefits During Construction51 |
| | - Reduced Litigation Exposure51 |
| | - Increased Designer Profits53 |
| | Who Provides Commissioning Services?54 |
| | Provider Qualifications54 |
| | - Recommended Minimum Qualifications55 |
| | - Optional Qualifications55 |
| | Who Manages the Commissioning Contract?56 |
| | - Independent Third Party Under Contract to the Owner56 |
| | - Architect or Design Engineer56 |
| | - Contractor57 |
| | Commissioning and Design-Build Projects57 |
| | Project Phases and Commissioning58 |
| | - 1. Pre-design Phase58 |
| | - 2. Design Phase60 |
| | - 3. Construction Phase63 |
| | - 4. Post-acceptance/Warranty Phase66 |
| | Commissioning Team: Roles and Responsibilities67 |
| | - The Design Professional68 |
| | - Selected Commissioning Tasks for Designers69 |
| | - Commissioning Provider72 |
| | - Other Team Members74 |
| | Marketing Commissioning Services to Your Clients74 |
| | Commissioning References and Resources76 |
| | Reference Notes80 |
| | Glossary81 |
| | Appendix 1 - Sample Request for Proposal85 |
| | Appendix 2 - Sample Verification Checklist93 |
| | Appendix 3 - Sample Functional Test Plan99 |
| | Appendix 4 - How to Develop a Commissioning Plan105 |
| | Appendix 5 - Design Documentation Necessary for Commissioning109 |
| | Appendix 6 - Specification Language for “Commissioning-Friendly” Features .121 |
| | CONTENT .2 |
| | 1 BACKGROUND .4 |
| | 1.1 Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) overview4 |
| | 1.2 Population and climate change .7 |
| | 1.3 The building and construction sector .8 |
| | 2 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE MEASUREMENTS TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GASES |
| | IN BUILDINGS.10 |
| | 3. APPROACHES FOR THE REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN BUILDINGS .14 |
| | 3.1 General Approaches.14 |
| | Renewable Materials.17 |
| | Building Size and Shape .18 |
| | Climate Responsive Design.18 |
| | 3.2 Design Approaches.19 |
| | 3.2.1 Structural Design and Building Materials 20 |
| | 3.2.1.1 Interaction between building materials and spatial structures.20 |
| | 3.2.1.2 Materials for specific spatial structures.21 |
| | 3.2.1.3 Conventional building materials and related GHG Emissions25 |
| | 3.2.1.4 “Alternative” building materials and related GHG Emissions.27 |
| | 3.2.1.5 Combination of Alternative and Common building materials 33 |
| | 3.2.1.6 Local Materials .33 |
| | 3.2.1.7 Proportion of a building’s life phases on the total GHG emissions 34 |
| | 3.2.1.8 Multifunctional Design .35 |
| | 3.2.1.9 Durability 38 |
| | 3.2.1.10 Maintenance.40 |
| | 3.2.1.11 Lifespan – Reuse and Recycling40 |
| | 3.2.1.11.1 Reuse of components42 |
| | 3.2.1.11.2 Recycling of building materials.43 |
| | 3.2.1.11.2.1 Recycling materials made of residual building materials 43 |
| | 3.2.1.11.2.2 Recycling materials made of industrial by-products44 |
| | 3.2.1.11.2.3 Recycling materials made of other products, e.g. consumer goods .44 |
| | 3.2.2 Climate Responsive Building Design 45 |
| | 3.2.2.1 Introduction.45 |
| | 3.2.2.2 Basic principles of Climate responsive building.46 |
| | 3.2.2.3 Climate Factors .48 |
| | 3.2.2.4 Climate zones and structural requirements .48 |
| | 3.2.2.4.1 Hot and Humid Climate Zones50 |
| | 3.2.2.4.2 Arid Climate Zones .55 |
| | 3.2.2.4.3 The Temperate Climate Zones 60 |
| | 3.2.2.4.4 The Cold Climate Zones .65 |
| | 3.2.2.5 Data and Planning Tools.69 |
| | 3.2.2.5 .1 Collation of Information69 |
| | 3.2.2.5 .2 Analysis of collated information and building design.71 |
| | 3.2.3 Energy efficient building conditioning measures and building services engineering 72 |
| | 3.2.3.1 Natural Lighting72 |
| | 3.2.3.2 Artificial Lighting .80 |
| | 3.2.3.3 Natural Ventilation81 |
| | 3.2.3.4 Mechanical Ventilation:83 |
| | 3.2.3.5 Cooling, Heating and Air Conditioning 84 |
| | 3.2.3.5 .1 Cooling techniques86 |
| | 3.2.3.5 .1.1 Evaporative Cooling .87 |
| | 3.2.3.5 .1.2 Ground Cooling 89 |
| | 3.2.3.5 .1.3 Radiative Cooling .90 |