| | Integrating renewable energy into new developments: Toolkit |
| | 4,68 | | MB | for planners, developers and consultants |
| | 208 | | stron |
| | 6400 | | ID | Greater London Authority |
| | 2004 | | rok |
| | Contents |
| | Introduction 9 |
| | 1.1 Toolkit background 9 |
| | 1.2 Who has produced the toolkit? 9 |
| | 1.3 What are the aims of the toolkit? 10 |
| | 1.4 What is the status of the toolkit? 10 |
| | 1.5 Content of the toolkit 11 |
| | 1.6 Policy background 11 |
| | 2 Definitions 15 |
| | 2.1 Introduction 15 |
| | 2.2 What is a major development? 15 |
| | 2.3 What is a proportion? 16 |
| | 2.4 What are electricity or heat needs? 16 |
| | 2.5 What renewables are applicable to developments? 17 |
| | 2.6 What is feasible? 19 |
| | 3 Technology Guide 21 |
| | 3.1 Introduction 21 |
| | 3.2 Energy efficiency measures 22 |
| | 3.3 Renewable energy technologies - General 31 |
| | 3.4 Renewable energy technology - Wind turbines 33 |
| | 3.5 Renewable energy technology - Photovoltaics 40 |
| | 3.6 Renewable energy technology - Solar water heating 50 |
| | 3.7 Renewable energy technology - Biomass heating 59 |
| | 3.8 Renewable energy technology - Biomass combined heat and power 66 |
| | 3.9 Renewable energy technology - Ground source heating 72 |
| | 3.10 Renewable energy technology - Ground sourced cooling / borehole cooling 79 |
| | 3.11 Other renewable energy technologies 84 |
| | 4 Including Renewables in Development Proposals - A Route Map 89 |
| | 4.1 Drawing up a shortlist of renewable energy technologies 91 |
| | 4.2 Rules of thumb for renewable sources in development scenarios 101 |
| | 4.3 Available and preferred methods for estimating delivered energy demand 103 |
| | 4.4 Calculating the baseline carbon emissions of the site 110 |
| | 4.5 Calculating the contribution of each proposed renewable energy technology 112 |
| | 4.6 Calculating the costs of technically feasible renewable technologies 127 |
| | 4.7 Assessing the benefits of technically feasible renewable technologies 130 |
| | 4.8 Calculating the reduction of baseline carbon emissions for the development 131 |
| | 4.9 Including renewables proposals in the planning application 139 |
| | 4.10 Liasing/negotiating with developers on inclusion of renewables 140 |
| | 4.11 Assessing renewables proposals included in the planning application 141 |
| | 4.12 Reference tables 141 |
| | 4.13 Results of the feasibility study 157 |
| | 5 Factors Affecting the Cost of Renewable Technologies 177 |
| | 5.1 Technology price changes 177 |
| | 5.2 Economies of scale 177 |
| | 5.3 Grants and their current predicted life spans. 177 |
| | 5.4 VAT issues 177 |
| | 5.5 Impact of legislation 178 |
| | 5.6 Fossil fuel price changes 178 |
| | 5.7 Marketing the benefits of renewable energy 179 |
| | 6 Overview of How Developers Cost Developments 181 |
| | 6.1 The costing process 181 |
| | 6.2 Incorporating renewable energy in a development 182 |
| | 6.3 Summary 184 |
| | 7 Planning Framework 185 |
| | 7.1 National policy 185 |
| | 7.2 Regional policy 187 |
| | 7.3 Local policy 189 |
| | 8 Further Sources of Information 193 |
| | 8.1 Chapter 1 - Introduction 193 |
| | 8.2 Chapter 3 - Technology Guide 193 |
| | 8.3 Chapter 4 - Grants 197 |
| | 8.4 Chapter 7 - Planning 197 |
| | 9 Performance Indicators 199 |
| | 10 Appendices 201 |
| | Appendix A: Developments referable to the Mayor 201 |
| | Appendix B: Acknowledgements 203 |