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Chemical and Biological Protection over the Century

4,39

272

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6419

Defense Technical Information Center

2000

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Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i

INTRODUCTION 1

I Purpose of Report . 1

II Government Performance and Results Act. 1

III The Current Chemical and Biological Warfare Threat 6

CHAPTERS

1 DOD CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE PROGRAM MANAGEMENT AND OVERSIGHT .

1.1 Introduction 13

1.2 Management Implementation Efforts . 13

1.3 Organizational Relationships 13

1.4 Coordination with Related Programs and Initiatives. 16

1.4.1 Other U.S. Government Agencies 16

1.4.1.1 DARPA Biological Warfare Defense Program. 16

1.4.1.2 Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) 17

1.4.1.3 DoE Chemical and Biological Nonproliferation Program . 18

1.4.2 International Cooperation 18

1.5 Technology Base Review and Assessment . 19

1.6 Funds Management . 19

1.7 CB Defense Program Management Assessment . 21

2 NON-MEDICAL NBC WARFARE DEFENSE REQUIREMENTS AND R&D PROGRAM STATUS.

2.1 Introduction 23

2.2 NBC Defense Mission Area Requirements and RDA Summary 26

2.3 Contamination Avoidance (Detection, Identification and Warning) 26

2.3.1 Contamination Avoidance Science and Technology Efforts 27

2.3.1.1 Goals and Timeframes . 27

2.3.1.2 Potential Payoffs and Transition Opportunities. 28

2.3.1.3 Major Technical Challenges . 28

2.3.2 Contamination Avoidance Modernization Strategy. 29

2.3.3 Joint Service Contamination Avoidance Programs 31

2.3.4 Warning and Reporting 33

2.3.5 Other Contamination Avoidance Programs. 34

2.3.6 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Programs 35

2.4 Protection . 36

2.4.1 Protection Science and Technology Efforts 36

2.4.1.1 Individual Protection Goals and Timeframes 36

2.4.1.2 Collective Protection Goals and Timeframes 36

2.4.1.3 Potential Payoffs and Transition Opportunities. 37

2.4.1.4 Major Technical Challenges . 37

2.4.2 Protection Modernization Strategy. 38

2.4.3 Joint Service Protection Programs . 41

2.4.4 DARPA Protection Programs 44

2.4.5 Other Protection Programs 44

2.5 Decontamination . 45

2.5.1 Decontamination Science and Technology Efforts 45

2.5.1.1 Goals and Timeframes . 45

2.5.1.2 Potential Payoffs and Transition Opportunities. 46

2.5.1.3 Major Technical Challenges . 46

2.5.2 Decontamination Modernization Strategy 46

2.5.3 Joint Service Decontamination Programs . 47

2.5.4 Other Decontamination Programs 48

2.6 Non-Medical CB Defense Requirements Assessment. 49

3 MEDICAL NBC WARFARE DEFENSE REQUIREMENTS AND R&D PROGRAM STATUS. 51

3.1 Requirements 51

3.1.1 Introduction 51

3.1.2 Challenges in the Medical NBC Warfare Defense Programs . 52

3.1.3 Medical CB Defense Requirements 54

3.1.4 Reducing Reliance on Research Animals 55

3.1.5 Medical Program Organization 55

3.2 Joint Medical Chemical Defense Research Program . 56

3.2.1 Goals. 56

3.2.2 Objectives 57

3.2.3 Threats, Countermeasures, Technical Barriers, Status, and Accomplishments 58

3.3 Joint Medical Biological Defense Research Program 59

3.3.1 Goals. 59

3.3.2 Objectives 59

3.3.3 Threats, Countermeasures, and Technical Barriers . 62

3.3.4 DARPA Programs . 63

3.4 Medical Nuclear (Radiological) Defense Research Program. 64

3.4.1 Goals. 64

3.4.2 Objectives 65

3.4.3 Threats, Countermeasures, Technical Barriers, and Accomplishments 65

3.5 Medical NBC Research Projection. 67

3.6 Medical Requirements Assessment 68

4 NBC DEFENSE LOGISTICS STATUS. 71

4.1 Introduction 71

4.2 NBC Defense Logistics Management 73

4.3 Quantities, Characteristics, and Capabilities . 75

4.4 Logistics Status. 76

4.5 Peacetime Requirement . 80

4.6 Funding. 81

4.7 Industrial Base 82

4.8 NBC Defense Logistics Support Assessment . 83

Appendix 1: Breakout of Service War Requirements, Stocks On-Hand, and Planned Acquisitions 86

Appendix 2: Fielded NBC Defense Items – Issues and Concerns 101

1. Contamination Avoidance 101

2. Individual Protection 102

3. Collective Protection 105

4. Decontamination 106

5. Medical 107

5 NBC DEFENSE READINESS AND TRAINING 111

5.1 Introduction 111

5.2 Joint NBC Defense Doctrine . 111

5.2.1 Joint NBC Defense Doctrine Program Management. 112

5.2.2 Joint NBC Defense Doctrine Development Program 112

5.2.3 Army Medical Doctrine Development Program 113

5.2.4 Air Force Doctrine Program 113

5.2.5 Navy Doctrine . 114

5.2.6 Marine Corps Doctrine 114

5.3 Standards of Proficiency and Currency 114

5.3.1 Army. 114

5.3.2 Air Force . 120

5.3.3 Navy 122

5.3.4 Marine Corps. 123

5.4 NBC Defense Professional Training. 125

5.4.1 Joint NBC Defense Professional Training. 125

5.4.2 Army NBC Defense Professional Training 126

5.4.3 Air Force NBC Defense Professional Training . 128

5.4.4 Navy CBR Defense Professional Training 129

5.4.5 Marine Corps NBC Defense Professional Training . 130

5.5 Training in a Toxic Chemical Environment 132

5.6 Integration of Realism/Wargames/Exercises 133

5.6.1 Simulations and Wargames 133

5.6.2 Joint NBC Training/Joint and Combined Exercises. 135

5.7 Initiatives 138

5.7.1 Joint 138

5.7.2 Army. 139

5.7.3 Air Force . 140

5.7.4 Navy 141

5.7.5 Marine Corps. 141

5.7.6 Emergency Response: Army Medical Response . 142

5.7.7 Medical Countermeasures and Surveillance against NBC and other Battlefield Toxicants and

Occupational Health Hazards 146

5.7.8 Air Force Modular NBC Teams. 148

5.8 Readiness Reporting System 149

5.9 NBC Defense Training and Readiness Assessment. 150

6 STATUS OF DOD EFFORTS TO IMPLEMENT THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION. 151

6.1 Introduction 151

6.2 Department of Defense Implementation of the CWC . 151

6.3 Safety Orientation for Inspectors . 152

6.4 Preparation of Defense Installations. 152

6.5 Defense Treaty Inspection Readiness Program. 153

6.6 Article X Assistance and Other Assistance. 153

6.7 Verification Technology 153