abs

Technological and Economic Feasibility Study of Ship Scrapping

0,79

in Europe

117

stron

6477

Det Norske Veritas

2001

rok

Table of Content

1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1

2 INTRODUCTION 4

2.1 Recycling and sustainability 4

2.1.1 Vessel categories 4

2.1.2 European Environmental Context 4

2.1.3 Implications for vessel disposal and scrapping industries 5

2.2 Objectives and scope 6

2.2.1 Methodology 6

2.3 Accomplishment 8

3 END-OF-LIFE DECISION FACTORS 10

3.1 Offshore structures 10

3.2 Merchant world fleet 11

3.3 Navy fleet 12

3.4 Inland fleet 12

4 DECOMMISSIONING VOLUME. 14

4.1 The European dimension 14

4.1.1 The Basel Convention impact 15

4.2 Offshore structures 16

4.2.1 World-wide 16

4.2.2 Europe 16

4.2.3 Offshore decommissioning and disposal regulations 17

4.2.4 European scrapping forecast 17

4.2.4.1 Input to the recycling process 18

4.2.5 Conclusion 19

4.3 Merchant world fleet 19

4.3.1 The cargo carrying fleet 20

4.3.1.1 Flag state distribution 20

4.3.2 Scrapping supply, merchant world fleet 20

4.3.3 Europe 1999 22

4.3.4 Vessels sold for scrapping 1992-2000 24

4.3.5 Forecast - world merchant fleet scrapping rate 25

4.3.6 Conclusion 28

4.4 Navy fleet 30

4.4.1 World navy fleet 30

4.4.1.1 Global distribution 31

4.4.2 US navy fleet 31

4.4.3 Europe 32

4.4.4 Conclusion 33

4.5 Inland fleet 34

4.5.1 World-wide 34

4.5.2 EU- fleet 35

4.5.2.1 The future of the European waterway fleet 38

4.5.3 Conclusion 39

4.6 Conclusion – all vessel categories 39

5 CURRENT PRACTICE . 41

5.1 Industry Characteristics 41

5.2 Non-compliance in Current Practice 42

5.2.1 Adopted practices 42

5.2.2 Safety, Health and the Environment 43

5.2.3 Compliance mismatch 46

5.2.4 New Initiatives 46

5.3 Adopting Current Practice in Europe 47

6 MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND RETURN TO MARKET. 49

6.1 Background 49

6.1.1 Changes in resource management and policies 49

6.1.2 Changing provisions for ship scrapping 49

6.1.3 Minimising waste – maximising recycling 50

6.2 Material composition and waste streams 50

6.2.1 Material composition complexity 51

6.2.2 Waste streams 52

6.2.3 Material stream – quantities and qualities 53

6.2.3.1 Ferrous scrap metal – Non-ferrous scrap metal 54

6.2.3.2 Machinery 55

6.2.3.3 Electrical and electronic equipment 55

6.2.3.4 Minerals 55

6.2.3.5 Plastics 55

6.2.3.6 Liquids, chemicals and gases 56

6.2.3.7 Joinery related products 57

6.2.3.8 Miscellaneous 57

6.2.4 Waste streams and SHE aspects 59

6.2.4.1 Asbestos 59

6.2.4.2 PCBs 60

6.2.4.3 Radiation sources 61

6.2.4.4 Mercury 61

6.2.4.5 Isocyanates 62

6.2.4.6 Tributyl tin (TBT) 62

6.2.4.7 Lead (Pb) 62

6.2.4.8 Marine growth 62

6.2.4.9 Other waste streams 62

6.2.4.10 Extraction procedures, hazardous substances and SHE-exposure 63

6.2.5 Waste stream summary 67

6.3 Market for product categories from scrapping processes in Europe 68

6.3.1 Re-use, recycling and disposal options 68

6.3.2 Products 69

6.3.3 Markets 69

6.3.3.1 Offshore installations 70

6.3.3.2 Vessels 71

6.3.4 Potential barriers 71

7 SCRAPPING CAPACITY AND FUTURE VOLUMES. 73

7.1 Scrapping Capacity 73

7.2 Future Scrapping Volumes 75

7.3 Vessel Sizes 76

8 SHIP DISPOSAL WITHIN EUROPE 77

8.1 Pre-processing 77

8.2 Ship Dismantling Facility 78

8.2.1 Functionality 79

8.2.2 Operation 81

8.2.3 Description of the Model Facility 83

8.2.4 Production Equipment 84

8.3 Greenfield/ Brownfield Site Alternatives 85

8.3.1 Brownfield Site Development 85

8.3.2 Greenfield Site Development 86

9 ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL FACTORS 88

9.1 Revenue Streams 88

9.2 Cost Base 89

9.2.1 Dismantling Operational Labour Costs 89

9.2.2 Other Operational Costs 90

9.2.3 Facility Costs 91

9.3 Economics of Ship Dismantling Facility 91

9.4 Ship End-of-Life Value 92

10 REFERENCES. 93

Appendix A Decommissioning volume - support

Appendix B Material and waste stream quantification - support