| | Report on North Sea Pilot Project on Ecological Quality |
| | 0,78 | | MB | Objectives |
| | 126 | | stron |
| | 6483 | | ID | Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East |
| | 2006 | | rok | Atlantic |
| | Executive Summary |
| | Récapitulatif .8 |
| | Chapter 1 - Introduction11 |
| | What is the North Sea Pilot Project on Ecological Quality Objectives?.11 |
| | Outline of this report.11 |
| | Origins of the proposed EcoQO system 12 |
| | General 12 |
| | Implementing the Esbjerg conclusions .13 |
| | The development of the North Sea ideas .13 |
| | Considering the different fields .14 |
| | The Fifth North Sea Conference 15 |
| | Bringing together the OSPAR and North Sea strands.15 |
| | Implementation of the Pilot Project 16 |
| | OSPAR’s further work and the possible extension to the rest of the OSPAR area.16 |
| | What is the added value of the ecological quality objectives to OSPAR?.17 |
| | Chapter 2 - Conceptual Description of the System of Ecological Quality Objectives 18 |
| | General18 |
| | Glossary 18 |
| | What constitutes a good EcoQO?19 |
| | Aspects to be considered20 |
| | Structuring the process .21 |
| | The task of OSPAR in relation to EcoQOs 21 |
| | Making the EcoQO system complete.23 |
| | Chapter 3 - Relationships between Human Activities and EcoQOs .26 |
| | General relationship between the system of EcoQOs and the OSPAR strategies26 |
| | Climate change 27 |
| | How the system of EcoQOs will reflect human activities that may have adverse effects on the |
| | marine environment .28 |
| | Hazardous substances – discharge, emissions and losses .28 |
| | Radioactive substances – discharges, emissions and losses 28 |
| | Eutrophication .28 |
| | Offshore oil and gas industry 29 |
| | Other human activities 29 |
| | Protection of marine biodiversity.32 |
| | Chapter 4 - Evaluation of the North Sea Pilot Project on EcoQOs33 |
| | Introduction .33 |
| | General aspects of the EcoQOs 33 |
| | Organisation of the EcoQOs.33 |
| | Eutrophication EcoQOs33 |
| | The way forward44 |
| | Chapter 5 - Links to Other Major Instruments.46 |
| | The developing European Marine Strategy .46 |
| | The EC Water Framework Directive 47 |
| | Other EC instruments.49 |
| | The EC Birds and Habitats Directives 49 |
| | Other relevant EC Directives 49 |
| | The EC Common Fisheries Policy49 |
| | The Bonn Agreement, MARPOL and IMO Conventions49 |
| | Chapter 6 - Implementing the EcoQOs 51 |
| | What needs to be achieved?51 |
| | Options.51 |
| | Costs 51 |
| | Chapter 7 - Completing the EcoQO System 54 |
| | The internal (food-web-based) approach.54 |
| | The external (impact-related) approach.55 |
| | Marine protected areas 56 |
| | Conclusion 56 |
| | Chapter 8 - Views of Stakeholders .57 |
| | Role of EcoQOs .57 |
| | Form of EcoQOs 58 |
| | Communicating EcoQOs58 |
| | Spatial and sectoral implications of EcoQOs.59 |
| | Other points.59 |
| | Chapter 9 - Communicating EcoQOs .61 |
| | Target groups61 |
| | Aims of the communication on EcoQOs 61 |
| | Communication message.61 |
| | Communication means 62 |
| | Implementation.63 |
| | Planning .63 |
| | Evaluation .64 |
| | Chapter 10 - Conclusions and Recommendations .65 |
| | General65 |
| | Global climatic change .65 |
| | Types, adoption and application of EcoQOs65 |
| | Structure of the system of EcoQOs .65 |
| | Eutrophication EcoQOs66 |
| | Individual EcoQOs .66 |
| | The way forward69 |
| | Completing the EcoQO System.69 |
| | Communications 69 |
| | Annex 1: Descriptions of the ten advanced EcoQOs .70 |
| | Spawning stock biomass of commercial fish species 70 |
| | Seal population trends in the North Sea 73 |
| | Bycatch of harbour porpoises 75 |
| | Oiled Guillemots78 |
| | Imposex in dogwhelk Nucella lapillus 80 |
| | Integrated set of Ecological Quality Objectives for Nutrients and Eutrophication Effects82 |
| | Annex 2 - Descriptions of the eleven less advanced EcoQOs 99 |
| | Threatened and declining species .99 |
| | Utilisation of seal breeding sites in the North Sea .101 |
| | Mercury concentrations in seabird eggs and feathers .103 |
| | Organochlorine concentrations in seabird eggs.105 |
| | Plastic particles in the stomach of seabirds.107 |
| | Local sandeel availability to black-legged kittiwakes .109 |
| | Seabird population trends as an index of seabird community health 111 |
| | Fish communities .113 |
| | Density of sensitive (e.g. fragile) species.115 |
| | Density of opportunistic species 117 |
| | Restore and/or maintain habitat quality .119 |
| | Annex 3 - Summary of links between strategies, impacts, pressures & EcoQO.121 |
| | Annex 4 - Future work123 |