Arsenic Treatment Technologies for Soil, Waste, and Water

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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

2002

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS iv

FOREWORD. v

NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER . vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . vi

PART I OVERVIEW AND FINDINGS

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 1 - 1

2.0 INTRODUCTION2 - 1

2.1 Who Needs to Know about Arsenic Treatment Technologies? . 2 - 1

2.2 Background 2 - 1

2.3 How Often Does Arsenic Occur in Drinking Water? 2 - 1

2.4 How Often Does Arsenic Occur at Hazardous Waste Sites?. 2 - 2

2.5 What Are the Structure and Contents of the Report? . 2 - 4

2.6 What Technologies and Media Are Addressed in This Report? 2 - 4

2.7 How Is Technology Scale Defined? . 2 - 4

2.8 How Are Treatment Trains Addressed?. 2 - 5

2.9 What Are the Sources of Information for This Report?. 2 - 5

2.10 What Other Types of Literature Were Searched and Referenced for This Report?2 - 5

2.11 References . 2 - 6

3.0 COMPARISON OF ARSENIC TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3 - 1

3.1 What Technologies Are Used to Treat Arsenic? 3 - 1

3.2 What Technologies Are Used Most Often to Treat Arsenic?3 - 1

3.3 What Factors Affect Technology Selection for Drinking Water Treatment?3 - 3

3.4 How Effective Are Arsenic Treatment Technologies?. 3 - 3

3.5 What Are Special Considerations for Retrofitting Existing Water Treatment Systems?3 - 4

3.6 How Do I Screen Arsenic Treatment Technologies? . 3 - 4

3.7 What Does Arsenic Treatment Cost? . 3 - 6

3.8 References . 3 - 6

PART II ARSENIC TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY SUMMARIES

PART IIA ARSENIC TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES APPLICABLE TO SOIL AND WASTE

4.0 SOLIDIFICATION AND STABILIZATION TREATMENT FOR ARSENIC. 4 - 1

5.0 VITRIFICATION FOR ARSENIC . 5 - 1

6.0 SOIL WASHING/ACID EXTRACTION FOR ARSENIC. 6 - 1

7.0 PYROMETALLURGICAL RECOVERY FOR ARSENIC7 - 1

8.0 IN SITU SOIL FLUSHING FOR ARSENIC . 8 - 1

PART IIB ARSENIC TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES APPLICABLE TO WATER

9.0 PRECIPITATION/COPRECIPITATION FOR ARSENIC. 9 - 1

10.0 MEMBRANE FILTRATION FOR ARSENIC. 10 - 1

11.0 ADSORPTION TREATMENT FOR ARSENIC11 - 1

12.0 ION EXCHANGE FOR ARSENIC 12 - 1

13.0 PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS FOR ARSENIC13 - 1

PART IIC ARSENIC TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES APPLICABLE TO SOIL, WASTE, AND WATER

14.0 ELECTROKINETIC TREATMENT OF ARSENIC. 14 - 1

15.0 PHYTOREMEDIATION TREATMENT OF ARSENIC. 15 - 1

16.0 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR ARSENIC16 - 1

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A LITERATURE SEARCH RESULTS . A-1

APPENDIX B SUPERFUND SITES WITH ARSENIC AS A CONSTITUENT OF CONCERN. B-1