INDOT Guidance Document for In-Situ Soil Flushing

0,84

MB

49

stron

6504

ID

Purdue University, Radiological and Environmental Management

2007

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Basics of In-situ Soil Flushing 5

General Process 5

Mechanisms of residual NAPL removal by cosolvent (solubilization versus mobilization) 8

Mechanism of residual NAPL removal by surfactant (solubilization versus mobilization) 11

Density Modified Displacement (DMD) method. 17

NAPL mobilization. 17

Water-miscible Cosolvents versus Surfactants: Advantages/disadvantages 21

Disposal of Flushing Wastes . 22

Technology Limitations . 24

Contaminant properties . 24

Chlorinated Solvents 25

PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) 27

Gasoline and diesel fuel. 28

Biofriendly solvents. 30

Ethyl lactate 31

Ethanol 32

Time and Cost Estimates of Soil Flushing 32

Permits and Regulatory Approval 34

Evaluation of the Applicability of surfactant/cosolvent flushing . 36

Performance Metrics 36