Monitoring of particulate matter in ambient air around waste

0,95

MB

facilities

144

stron

6568

ID

Environment Agency

2004

rok

Contents

PART I Principles, guidance and strategy

1. Legislative framework 6

1.1 Background 6

1.2 Environmental protection legislation 6

1.3 Planning and environmental impact assessment 7

1.4 Air quality management and assessment 7

1.5 Health and safety legislation 7

2. Particulate matter: definitions and classifications 8

2.1 Classifying particulate matter 8

2.2 Classification by physical behaviour in air 9

2.3 Classification by size 9

2.4 Classification by biological activity (bioaerosols) 10

2.5 Classification by chemical species 12

2.6 Classification by particle shape or phase 12

3. Sources, abatement and exposure impacts 13

3.1 Releases of particulate matter at waste management facilities 13

3.2 Exposure impacts 14

3.3 Control of particulate matter at waste facilities 16

3.4 Exposure impacts: the source–pathway–receptor chain 19

4. Air quality criteria 21

4.1 Choosing the right air quality criterion 21

4.2 Using air quality criteria for compliance issues 23

4.3 Air quality criteria for dust annoyance 24

4.4 Air quality criteria for suspended particulate matter 26

4.5 Air quality criteria for bioaerosols 28

5. Monitoring strategy 29

5.1 General considerations 29

5.2 Which determinand to measure 31

5.3 When to sample, how long to sample for and how many samples to take 33

5.4 How to monitor 35

5.5 Where to sample 38

5.6 Collection, interpretation and reporting of data 41

5.7 Quality assurance, quality control and safety 46

PART II Specific monitoring methods

6. Deposited particulate matter 50

7. Suspended particulate matter 54

8. Bioaerosols 59

8.1 Suitability of methods for waste facilities 59

8.2 Published bioaerosol methods for waste facilities 59

9. Inorganic speciated particulate matter 61

9.1 Silica and quartz 61

9.2 Heavy metals 63

10. Organic speciated particulate matter 72

10.1 Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 72

10.2 Dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs) 73

10.3 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 74

11. Fibres 75

11.1 General approaches for fibres 75

11.2 Asbestos 75

11.3 Man-made mineral fibres (MMMFs) 76

PART III Key Fact Sheets

Appendices

Appendix A: Case studies 97

Appendix B: Particulate measurement techniques 102

Appendix C: Guidelines for locating monitoring stations 124

Appendix D: Summarising data 127

Appendix E: Sources of additional information 130

List of abbreviations 131

References 133

Index 137