Sampling requirements for stack-emission monitoring

0,21

MB

40

stron

6571

ID

Environment Agency

2005

rok

Contents

1. Monitoring approaches

1.1 Monitoring strategy 1

1.2 The different approaches to monitoring stack-emissions 2

1.3 The importance of representative sampling 2

1.3.1 Fundamental principle 2

1.3.2 Representative sampling of particulates and gases 2

1.4 Choice of sampling method, sampling technique and equipment 4

2. Sampling requirements: periodic measurements

2.1 Periodic sampling of particulates 4

2.1.1 Special characteristics 4

2.1.2 Positional requirements for sampling particulates 5

2.1.3 Criteria for locating the sampling plane 6

2.1.4 Surveying the proposed sampling plane 8

2.1.5 Preliminary velocity survey 8

2.1.6 Unacceptable characteristics 8

2.1.7 Number of sampling points 9

2.1.8 Position of sampling points along the sample lines 9

2.1.8.1 Position of sampling points for circular stacks 10

2.1.8.2 Position of sampling points for rectangular and square stacks 11

2.2 Periodic sampling of gases 13

2.2.1 Special characteristics of sampling gases 13

2.2.2 Location requirements for monitoring gases 14

2.2.3 Criteria for locating a sampling plane for gas concentrations 15

2.2.3.1 Procedure for conducting a stratification test 16

2.2.4 Number and position of sampling points for sampling gases 16

3. Sampling requirements: continuous emissions monitoring systems

3.1 CEMs measuring concentrations 17

3.2 CEMs measuring gas volumetric flow rates 17

4. Sampling facilities and safety requirements for stack-emission monitoring

4.1 Access and facilities for periodic monitoring 18

4.1.1 Safe working platform and means of access to the sampling position 18

4.1.2 Space for the equipment and personnel 19

4.1.3 Means of entry into the stack (sampling access ports) 19

4.1.4 Essential services 26

4.1.5 Other issues 26

4.2 Access and facilities for periodic monitoring of gases 26

4.3 Access and facilities for CEMs 26

4.4 The risk-management approach to site work 27

4.4.1 Safety has the highest priority 27

4.4.2 Prominent hazards encountered when stack-emission monitoring 28

4.4.3 The risk assessment process 28

4.4.4 Responsibilities 29

4.4.5 When to carry out a risk assessment 30

4.4.6 Getting the operator involved 30

4.4.7 Reporting of accidents and near misses 31

4.4.8 Further guidance 31

5. Status of this document 32

Annex 1 Sample point requirements as specified in ISO 9096:2003 33

References 34