| | Monitoring Methods for Ambient Air |
| | 0,87 | | MB |
| | 102 | | stron |
| | 6575 | | ID | Environment Agency |
| | 2000 | | rok |
| | Contents iii |
| | Introduction 2 The monitoring strategy 1 |
| | Objectives and strategy 1 |
| | Costs. 2 |
| | Sampling and measurement techniques for particulate matter 3 |
| | Classification of particulate matter 3 |
| | Filter paper techniques . 3 |
| | Particulate sampling trains 5 |
| | Automatic paper tape instruments 8 |
| | Impingers 8 |
| | Continous microbalance instruments 9 |
| | Dichotomous sampler . 9 |
| | Light-scattering systems . 9 |
| | Miscellaneous instrumental particulate methods 10 |
| | Size-selective techniques . 10 |
| | Deposit gauges. 10 |
| | Dust deposition (soiling) meter . 13 |
| | Other simple dustfall collection devices 13 |
| | Soil and herbage sampling . 13 |
| | Further characterisation of particulate samples 14 |
| | Specific methods for measurement of particulates 16 |
| | Suspended matter 16 |
| | Deposited matter 20 |
| | Fibres 22 |
| | Heavy metals and their compounds . 23 |
| | Other inorganic compounds of particulate matter 4.6 |
| | Organic particulate species 30 |
| | Sampling and measurement techniques for gaseous pollutants. 33 |
| | General considerations . 33 |
| | Continuous direct reading analysers 33 |
| | Sampling by absorption in liquids . 33 |
| | Sampling by adsorption on solids . 33 |
| | Detector tubes 35 |
| | Passive/diffusive sampling 36 |
| | Cryogenic sampling 37 |
| | Instantaneous or grab sampling . 37 |
| | Odour Sampling 38 |
| | Optical methods for gaseous pollutant analysis . 39 |
| | Spectroscopic techniques. 39 |
| | Chromatographic methods . 43 |
| | Flame…ionisation detectors 46 |
| | Photo-ionisation detectors 46 |
| | Electrochemical methods 47 |
| | Titrimetric analysis 47 |
| | Olfactory (odour) assessment. 48 |
| | Remote methods 48 |
| | Specific methods for measuring gaseous pollutants . 50 |
| | Methods for inorganic gaseous pollutants 50 |
| | Methods for measuring organic gaseous pollutants . 66 |
| | Wet deposition monitoring 82 |
| | General . 82 |
| | Wet deposition sampling techniques 82 |
| | Wet deposition analysis methods . 83 |
| | Quality control and quality assurance 84 |
| | Quality control . 84 |
| | Sampling systems. 84 |
| | Sample volumes and flowrates . 84 |
| | Sample storage, transit and audit trail 85 |
| | Calibration and validation . 85 |
| | Maintenance procedures 86 |
| | Data communication systems . 86 |
| | Quality assurance . 86 |
| | References. 87 |
| | Appendix A List of abbreviations 91 |